Depth of anaesthesia during intubation: comparison between propofol and thiopentone

• Published in: Der Anaesthesist Vol. 55; no. 4; pp. 401 - 406
• Main Authors: Beck, C E, Pohl, B, Janda, M, Bajorat, J, Hofmockel, R
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: German
• Published: Germany 01.04.2006
• Subjects: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Awareness - drug effects; Electroencephalography - drug effects; Female; Hemodynamics - drug effects; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Intubation, Intratracheal; Male; Middle Aged; Preanesthetic Medication; Propofol; Thiopental; Young Adult
• ISSN: 1432-055X
• DOI: 10.1007/s00101-005-0956-5

In order to study the depth of anaesthesia during endotracheal intubation, 30 patients received either thiopentone or propofol for anaesthesia induction. The BIS value as a parameter for the depth of anaesthesia and the rate pressure product (RPP) were acquired online. Patients who received thiopentone for anaesthesia induction showed significantly higher BIS values at the moment of intubation and reached BIS values >60 significantly more frequently than patients receiving propofol. The RPP in the propofol group lay significantly below that of the thiopentone patients. For all patients there was an mean increase in BIS values of 8 index points and an increase in the RPP. Therefore, BIS values around 50 should be achieved before intubation in order to avoid the critical BIS value for awareness of >60 despite the increase caused by the intubation procedure. Within 24 h of intubation all patients were interviewed for possible signs of awareness. None of the patients was able to remember the intubation or reported other experiences that indicated an unconscious awareness. Nevertheless, the progress of BIS values in a standardized intubation as performed in the normal clinical routine, shows that the use of thiopentone for initiating anaesthesia results in a very flat level of anaesthesia during intubation. The risk for patients to experience awareness should therefore, not be underestimated. Therefore, when using thiopentone it is recommended to also use a rapid acting muscle relaxant or to select a high ED95 to compensate for the flat level of anaesthesia. Alternatively, repetetive boluses of the hypnotic shortly before intubation should be considered or to revert to propofol. The dosage and pharmacokinetics of the analgesic should also be taken into consideration because an insufficient analgesia leads to a faster flattening of the depth of anaesthesia.