The Experimental Determination Of The Thermal Conductivity Of Melting Chocolate: Thermal Resistance Analogies And Free Convection Boundary Conditions

• Published in: WIT Transactions on Engineering Sciences Vol. 83; p. 505
• Main Authors: Dreger, M M, Pitol-Filho, L
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Southampton W I T Press 01.07.2014
• Subjects: Boundary conditions; Chocolate; Cocoa; Continuous flow; Food processing industry; Free convection; Heat conductivity; Heat flux; Heat transfer; Latent heat; Melting; Physical properties; Stainless steels; Temperature gradients; Thermal analysis; Thermal conductivity; Thermal energy; Thermal resistance
• ISSN: 1746-4471; 1743-3533
• DOI: 10.2495/HT140431

In the food industry, heat transfer phenomena take place in several steps of chocolate preparation. Therefore, a complete thermal analysis of such process requires an accurate determination of a variety of thermo physical properties, including thermal conductivity. To obtain the thermal conductivity, chocolate (2.0 dm³) was stored in a stainless steel rectangular box, provided with a double jacket, with a continuous flow of water at 50°C. The side walls were insulated, and the opposite wall was exposed to natural convection conditions, by using either stagnant air or melting ice, forcing therefore a heat flux. The thermal conductivity of chocolate was calculated by applying thermal resistances, as soon as the system reached steady state operation. In the experiments where the temperature gradient was established by using melting ice, the results are not reasonable, owing to the latent heat transferred to the water-ice mixture. On the other hand, where air free convection was applied, results were according to the literature, ranging from 0.16 W/(m.K) to 0.35 W/(m.K), for different fractions of milk and cocoa in the chocolate compositions. Measurements uncertainties are also discussed.