Metagenomic analysis exploring diversity of bacterial and archaeal in contaminated fresh water and saline sediment at Jakarta Bay Estuary, Indonesia

• Published in: AIP conference proceedings Vol. 2956; no. 1
• Main Authors: Susanti, Evi, Widoretno, M. R., Nurcahyanto, D. A., Riffiani, R.
• Format: Journal Article Conference Proceeding
• Language: English
• Published: Melville American Institute of Physics 26.10.2023
• Subjects: Archaea; Contamination; Estuaries; Fresh water; Microorganisms; Principal components analysis; Saline water; Sediments; Water sampling; Jakarta Indonesia; Indonesia
• ISSN: 0094-243X; 1551-7616
• DOI: 10.1063/5.0174920

In aquatic habitats, sediment is a specific region with a wide variety of microorganisms. The microbial population in fresh and saltwater sediment ecosystems has, however, been the subject of numerous research that have received little attention. This research compared bacterial populations in fresh water and saline sediments in Jakarta Bay Estuary, Indonesia, by determining millions of Illumina reads. Jakarta Bay is contaminated by a variety of waste products from transport by sea for residential, industrial, and fishing purposes. Our findings indicate that saline sediment has more taxon richness and evenness than freshwater sediment. From phylum to operational taxonomic unit (OTU) levels, principal component analysis demonstrated that the two types of communities could be clearly distinguished, and the OTUs from abundant to rare displayed satisfactory resolutions. The metagenomic analysis demonstrated that the fresh water and saline sediment were enriched with Proteobacteria, Euryarchaeota, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Chloroflexi, Bathyarchaeota, Acidobacteria, Fibrobacteres, Spirochaetes, Verrucomicrobia, and Caldiserica were the most abundant phylum across samples. The archaeal communities were primarily related to Euryarchaeota, Bathyarcheota, Creanarchaeota with methanogenic Archaea for approximately 2-26% of total Archae. Euryarchaeota in saline water was dominated by the genus Methanosarcina, while the genus was hardly observed in fresh water. The abundance of Methanosarciniales, Methanosaeta, Methanosaetaceae, and Methanosarcina at the Order, Genus, Family, and Class level showed dominance in saline water samples which were mainly involved in methanogenesis. These findings contribute to a thorough understanding of the bacterial and archaeal communities found in contaminated sediment at Indonesia’s Jakarta Bay Estuary.