淋洗定额与覆盖方式对北疆棉花生长和产量的影响

• Published in: Guanʻgai paishui xuebao Vol. 41; no. 5; pp. 27 - 33
• Main Authors: HU Qingyang, CAO Hongxia, HE Zijian, DING Bangxin, ZHANG, Yi
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: Chinese; English
• Published: Xinxiang City Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS) Farmland Irrigation Research Institute Editorial Office of Journal of Irrigation and Drainage 01.05.2022; 西北农林科技大学 旱区农业水土工程教育部重点实验室,陕西 杨凌712100
• Subjects: Agricultural practices; Agricultural production; Cotton; Crop production; Crop yield; Drip irrigation; Dry matter; Efficiency; Evapotranspiration; Field tests; Irrigation; Irrigation efficiency; Irrigation water; Leaching; Leaf area; Leaf area index; Leaves; Mulching; Plants; Polymer films; Root zone; Soil improvement; Soil investigations; Soils; Straw; Water management; Water use; Water use efficiency; 膜下滴灌; 干物质积累; 叶面积指数; 秸秆覆盖; 籽棉产量
• ISSN: 1672-3317
• DOI: 10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2021508

【目的】探讨生育期灌溉淋洗定额与膜间秸秆覆盖对棉花生长和产量的影响。【方法】通过田间试验，设置4个灌溉水平：W0=80%ETc、W1=120 mm+80%ETc、W2=240 mm+80%ETc和W3=360 mm+80%ETc（120、240 mm和360 mm为生育期灌溉淋洗定额，80%ETc为棉花蒸散量）和2种覆盖方式：膜间裸地（N）和膜间秸秆覆盖（S），共8个处理。探究生育期不同灌溉淋洗定额和膜间覆盖方式对棉花株高、叶面积指数、地上干物质积累量、棉花产量和灌溉水利用效率的影响。【结果】同一覆盖方式下，W0处理棉花生长指标和产量显著低于其他处理；提高灌溉淋洗定额对棉花生长指标和产量有显著促进作用，淋洗定额从0提高到240 mm，棉花株高、叶面积指数、干物质量和产量分别提高了53.75%、116.91%、110.45%和80.14%，当淋洗定额由240 mm提高至360 mm时，棉花生长指标和产量并没有显著提高，且灌溉水利用效率显著降低。淋洗定额为240 mm时，棉花产量和灌溉水利用效率分别达到了5 972.46 kg/hm2和0.92 kg/m3。【结论】综合考虑节水和棉花高效用水，北疆棉花生育期灌溉定额为240 mm+80%ETc是最适宜当地发展的高效节水控盐策略。