Beetroot juice supplementation speeds O2 uptake kinetics and improves exercise tolerance during severe-intensity exercise initiated from an elevated metabolic rate

• Published in: American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology Vol. 305; no. 12; p. R1441
• Main Authors: Breese, Brynmor C, McNarry, Melitta A, Marwood, Simon, Blackwell, Jamie R, Bailey, Stephen J, Jones, Andrew M
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States 15.12.2013
• Subjects: Adult; Basal Metabolism - drug effects; Basal Metabolism - physiology; Beta vulgaris; Cross-Over Studies; Dietary Supplements; Double-Blind Method; Energy Metabolism - drug effects; Energy Metabolism - physiology; Exercise Tolerance - drug effects; Exercise Tolerance - physiology; Female; Heart Rate - drug effects; Heart Rate - physiology; Humans; Lactates - blood; Male; Nitrates - pharmacology; Nitrites - blood; Oxygen Consumption - drug effects; Oxygen Consumption - physiology; Physical Endurance - drug effects; Physical Endurance - physiology; Plant Extracts - pharmacology; Plant Roots; muscle oxygenation; motor unit recruitment; fatigue; nitric oxide; phase II time constant
• ISSN: 1522-1490; 1522-1490
• DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00295.2013

Recent research has suggested that dietary nitrate (NO3(-)) supplementation might alter the physiological responses to exercise via specific effects on type II muscle. Severe-intensity exercise initiated from an elevated metabolic rate would be expected to enhance the proportional activation of higher-order (type II) muscle fibers. The purpose of this study was, therefore, to test the hypothesis that, compared with placebo (PL), NO3(-)-rich beetroot juice (BR) supplementation would speed the phase II VO2 kinetics (τ(p)) and enhance exercise tolerance during severe-intensity exercise initiated from a baseline of moderate-intensity exercise. Nine healthy, physically active subjects were assigned in a randomized, double-blind, crossover design to receive BR (140 ml/day, containing ~8 mmol of NO3(-)) and PL (140 ml/day, containing ~0.003 mmol of NO3(-)) for 6 days. On days 4, 5, and 6 of the supplementation periods, subjects completed a double-step exercise protocol that included transitions from unloaded to moderate-intensity exercise (U→M) followed immediately by moderate to severe-intensity exercise (M→S). Compared with PL, BR elevated resting plasma nitrite concentration (PL: 65 ± 32 vs. BR: 348 ± 170 nM, P < 0.01) and reduced the VO2 τ(p) in M→S (PL: 46 ± 13 vs. BR: 36 ± 10 s, P < 0.05) but not U→M (PL: 25 ± 4 vs. BR: 27 ± 6 s, P > 0.05). During M→S exercise, the faster VO2 kinetics coincided with faster near-infrared spectroscopy-derived muscle [deoxyhemoglobin] kinetics (τ; PL: 20 ± 9 vs. BR: 10 ± 3 s, P < 0.05) and a 22% greater time-to-task failure (PL: 521 ± 158 vs. BR: 635 ± 258 s, P < 0.05). Dietary supplementation with NO3(-)-rich BR juice speeds VO2 kinetics and enhances exercise tolerance during severe-intensity exercise when initiated from an elevated metabolic rate.