Pediatric ophthalmology and childhood reading difficulties: Convergence insufficiency: relationship to reading and academic performance

Patients with convergence insufficiency (CI) are often symptomatic during activities that require near fixation, such as reading. Indeed, CI has been associated with reading impairment and poor academic performance. However, these associations do not prove a causal relationship between these conditi...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inJournal of AAPOS Vol. 21; no. 6; pp. 444 - 446.e1
Main Author Phillips, Paul H
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States 01.12.2017
Subjects
Academic Performance
Accommodation, Ocular - physiology
Convergence, Ocular - physiology
Dyslexia - physiopathology
Humans
Ocular Motility Disorders - physiopathology
Vision Disorders - physiopathology
Vision, Binocular - physiology
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Summary:Patients with convergence insufficiency (CI) are often symptomatic during activities that require near fixation, such as reading. Indeed, CI has been associated with reading impairment and poor academic performance. However, these associations do not prove a causal relationship between these conditions. The current evidence regarding the relationship between CI and its treatment, reading ability, and academic performance is discussed.
Bibliography:ObjectType-Article-2
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-3
content type line 23
ObjectType-Review-1
ISSN:1528-3933
DOI:10.1016/j.jaapos.2017.08.001