Humoral response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines among healthcare workers in a tertiary hospital in Malaysia

• Published in: Medical journal of Malaysia Vol. 78; no. 1; pp. 20 - 24
• Main Authors: Amrina, M A, Shahidah, M, Sofiah, H R, Mirlia, S C M, Thilakaveni, R, Chong, Z L, Mohd-Hatta, A M, Cheah, Y K, Aidalina, M, Niazlin, M T, Syafinaz, A N, Abdullah, M, Muhammad, M I
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Malaysia 01.01.2023
• Subjects: COVID-19 - prevention & control; COVID-19 Vaccines; Health Personnel; Humans; Malaysia; SARS-CoV-2; Tertiary Care Centers; Vaccination; Vaccines, Inactivated; Malaysia
• ISSN: 0300-5283

Healthcare workers (HCWs) were among the first to be fully vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2. However, the antibody responses to the vaccines and potential decline among Malaysian HCW are still unclear. The objective of this study is to follow-up anti-S antibody levels among HCW vaccinated with mRNA vaccine (BTN162b2) and inactivated vaccine (CoronaVac). Plasma samples were collected prevaccination, 2 weeks and 6 months post-vaccination and tested for total immunoglobulin levels using ELISA method. A small percentage of HCW (2.2%, 15/677) had elevated anti-S antibody levels in their pre-vaccination plasma samples (median 20.4, IQR 5.8), indicating that they were exposed to SARS-CoV-2 infection prior to vaccination. The mRNA vaccine significantly increased anti-S levels of both previously infected and uninfected individuals to saturation levels (median 21.88, IQR.0.88) at 2 weeks postsecond dose of the vaccine. At 6 months post-vaccination, the antibody levels appeared to be maintained among the recipients of the mRNA vaccine. However, at this time point, anti-S antibody levels were lower in individuals given inactivated vaccine (median 20.39, IQR 7.31, n=28), and interestingly, their antibody levels were similar to anti-S levels in pre-vaccination exposed individuals. Antibody levels were not different between the sexes. Anti-S levels differ in individuals given the different vaccines. While further study is required to determine the threshold level for protection against SARSCoV- 2, individuals with low antibody levels may be considered for boosters.