New nucleoside analogs in the treatment of hematological disorders

Cytotoxic nucleoside analogs have a broad clinical use. They were among the first chemotherapeutic agents used in the treatment of malignant diseases. The anticancer nucleosides include analogs of physiologic pyrimidine and purine nucleosides. They are used in oncology in the treatment of both, soli...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inActa Poloniae pharmaceutica Vol. 61; no. 3; p. 223
Main Authors Szafraniec, Sylwia I, Stachnik, Krzysztof J, Skierski, Janusz S
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Poland 01.05.2004
Subjects
Adenine Nucleotides
Animals
Antineoplastic Agents - adverse effects
Antineoplastic Agents - therapeutic use
Arabinonucleosides - adverse effects
Arabinonucleosides - pharmacokinetics
Arabinonucleosides - therapeutic use
Clinical Trials as Topic
Cytarabine - adverse effects
Cytarabine - analogs & derivatives
Cytarabine - therapeutic use
Cytosine - adverse effects
Cytosine - analogs & derivatives
Cytosine - therapeutic use
Deoxycytidine - adverse effects
Deoxycytidine - analogs & derivatives
Deoxycytidine - therapeutic use
Dioxolanes - adverse effects
Dioxolanes - therapeutic use
Half-Life
Hematologic Neoplasms - drug therapy
Humans
Purine Nucleosides - adverse effects
Purine Nucleosides - therapeutic use
Pyrimidine Nucleosides - adverse effects
Pyrimidine Nucleosides - therapeutic use
Stereoisomerism
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Summary:Cytotoxic nucleoside analogs have a broad clinical use. They were among the first chemotherapeutic agents used in the treatment of malignant diseases. The anticancer nucleosides include analogs of physiologic pyrimidine and purine nucleosides. They are used in oncology in the treatment of both, solid tumors and hematological malignancies. These agents have many intracellular targets, e.g. they act as antimetabolites, competing with natural nucleosides during DNA or RNA synthesis and as inhibitors of key cell enzymes. Understanding of the mechanisms of action of these compounds and synthesis of new analogs provides the possibility to further expand the spectrum of their clinical use and enhance their antitumor activity. In this paper we describe mechanisms of action and possible clinical use in the treatment of hematological malignancies of these nucleoside analogs, which are now in different stages of clinical trials, namely tezacitabine, troxacitabine, clofarabine, nelarabine, decitabine, CNDAC and ECyD.
ISSN:0001-6837