Evaluation of the Effects of Wastewater Irrigation on Heavy Metal Accumulation in Vegetables and Human Health in the Cauliflower Example

The goals of the present research were to determine the heavy metal contents in the water-soil-cauliflower samples in industrial wastewater irrigated areas and to assess the health risks of these metals to the people. Metal analyses were carried out using the atomic absorption spectrophotometer equi...

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Published inBulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology Vol. 112; no. 3; p. 44
Main Authors Ugulu, Ilker, Khan, Zafar I, Bibi, Shehnaz, Ahmad, Kafeel, Munir, Mudasra, Memona, Hafsa
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published New York Springer Nature B.V 01.03.2024
Subjects
Acids
Atomic absorption spectrophotometry
Cadmium
Chromium
Cobalt
Consumption
Copper
Environmental impact
Health hazards
Health risk assessment
Health risks
Heavy metals
Industrial wastes
Industrial wastewater
Iron
Irrigated areas
Irrigation
Lead
Manganese
Metal concentrations
Nickel
Rivers
Samples
Soil water
Spectral analysis
Statistical analysis
Sugar industry
Toxicology
Vegetables
Wastewater
Wastewater irrigation
Zinc
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Summary:The goals of the present research were to determine the heavy metal contents in the water-soil-cauliflower samples in industrial wastewater irrigated areas and to assess the health risks of these metals to the people. Metal analyses were carried out using the atomic absorption spectrophotometer equipped with a graphite furnace. The metal readings in the cauliflower specimens ranged from 1.153 to 1.389, 0.037 to 0.095, 0.61 to 0.892, 0.625 to 0.921, 1.165 to 2.399, 0.561 to 0.652, 0.565 to 0.585, 0.159 to 0.218 and 1.268 to 1.816 mg/kg for Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, Zn and Mn, respectively. Statistics revealed that, with the exception of Pb and Co (p > 0.05), there was no statistically significant variation in the metal concentrations in the cauliflower samples according to the irrigation type. Pb, Ni, and Cr had HRI values below 1.0 and did not seem to be a hazard to human health, in contrast to Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, Zn and Mn, which glanced to constitute a health risk. Regular monitoring of vegetables irrigated with wastewater is strongly advised to reduce health hazards to people.
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ISSN:0007-4861
1432-0800
DOI:10.1007/s00128-024-03858-1