Domain-wall confinement and dynamics in a quantum simulator
Particles subject to confinement experience an attractive potential that increases without bound as they separate. A prominent example is colour confinement in particle physics, in which baryons and mesons are produced by quark confinement. Confinement can also occur in low-energy quantum many-body...
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| Published in | Nature physics Vol. 17; no. 6; pp. 742 - 747 |
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| Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
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London
Nature Publishing Group UK
01.06.2021
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| Abstract | Particles subject to confinement experience an attractive potential that increases without bound as they separate. A prominent example is colour confinement in particle physics, in which baryons and mesons are produced by quark confinement. Confinement can also occur in low-energy quantum many-body systems when elementary excitations are confined into bound quasiparticles. Here we report the observation of magnetic domain-wall confinement in interacting spin chains with a trapped-ion quantum simulator. By measuring how correlations spread, we show that confinement can suppress information propagation and thermalization in such many-body systems. We quantitatively determine the excitation energy of domain-wall bound states from the non-equilibrium quench dynamics. We also study the number of domain-wall excitations created for different quench parameters, in a regime that is difficult to model with classical computers. This work demonstrates the capability of quantum simulators for investigating high-energy physics phenomena, such as quark collision and string breaking.
Long-range Ising interactions present in one-dimensional spin chains can induce a confining potential between pairs of domain walls, slowing down the thermalization of the system. This has now been observed in a trapped-ion quantum simulator. |
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| AbstractList | Not provided. Particles subject to confinement experience an attractive potential that increases without bound as they separate. A prominent example is colour confinement in particle physics, in which baryons and mesons are produced by quark confinement. Confinement can also occur in low-energy quantum many-body systems when elementary excitations are confined into bound quasiparticles. Here we report the observation of magnetic domain-wall confinement in interacting spin chains with a trapped-ion quantum simulator. By measuring how correlations spread, we show that confinement can suppress information propagation and thermalization in such many-body systems. We quantitatively determine the excitation energy of domain-wall bound states from the non-equilibrium quench dynamics. We also study the number of domain-wall excitations created for different quench parameters, in a regime that is difficult to model with classical computers. This work demonstrates the capability of quantum simulators for investigating high-energy physics phenomena, such as quark collision and string breaking.Long-range Ising interactions present in one-dimensional spin chains can induce a confining potential between pairs of domain walls, slowing down the thermalization of the system. This has now been observed in a trapped-ion quantum simulator. Particles subject to confinement experience an attractive potential that increases without bound as they separate. A prominent example is colour confinement in particle physics, in which baryons and mesons are produced by quark confinement. Confinement can also occur in low-energy quantum many-body systems when elementary excitations are confined into bound quasiparticles. Here we report the observation of magnetic domain-wall confinement in interacting spin chains with a trapped-ion quantum simulator. By measuring how correlations spread, we show that confinement can suppress information propagation and thermalization in such many-body systems. We quantitatively determine the excitation energy of domain-wall bound states from the non-equilibrium quench dynamics. We also study the number of domain-wall excitations created for different quench parameters, in a regime that is difficult to model with classical computers. This work demonstrates the capability of quantum simulators for investigating high-energy physics phenomena, such as quark collision and string breaking. Long-range Ising interactions present in one-dimensional spin chains can induce a confining potential between pairs of domain walls, slowing down the thermalization of the system. This has now been observed in a trapped-ion quantum simulator. |
| Author | Tan, W. L. Monroe, C. Whitsitt, S. Lundgren, R. De, A. Feng, L. Morong, W. Kaplan, H. B. Gorshkov, A. V. Becker, P. Collins, K. S. Kyprianidis, A. Pagano, G. Liu, F. |
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| BackLink | https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1853152$$D View this record in Osti.gov |
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| DOI | 10.1038/s41567-021-01194-3 |
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| GrantInformation_xml | – fundername: This work is supported by the NSF PFCQC STAQ program, the AFOSR MURIs on Quantum Measurement/Verification, the ARO MURI on Modular Quantum Systems, the AFOSR and ARO QIS and AMO Programs, the DARPA DRINQS program, the DOE BES award DE-SC0019449, and the DOE HEP award DE-SC0019380, the NSF QIS program. Fangli Liu is supported by Ann G.Wylie Dissertation Fellowship of University of Maryland – fundername: This work is supported by the NSF PFCQC STAQ program, the AFOSR MURIs on Quantum Measurement/Verification, the ARO MURI on Modular Quantum Systems, the AFOSR and ARO QIS and AMO Programs, the DARPA DRINQS program, the DOE BES award DE-SC0019449, and the DOE HEP award DE-SC0019380, the NSF QIS program. |
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| SubjectTerms | 639/766/119 639/766/36 639/766/483/3926 Atomic Chains Classical and Continuum Physics Complex Systems Condensed Matter Physics Confinement Domain walls Elementary excitations Excitation Ising model Magnetic domains Mathematical and Computational Physics Mesons Molecular Optical and Plasma Physics Particle physics Physics Physics and Astronomy Quarks Simulation Simulators Theoretical Thermalization (energy absorption) |
| Title | Domain-wall confinement and dynamics in a quantum simulator |
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