사회 생태적 계획요소로 본 중국과 유럽 해안 생태 도시의 비교

• Published in: 국토계획 Vol. 56; no. 2; pp. 189 - 207
• Main Author: 김정인(Kim, Jung-In)
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: Korean
• Published: 대한국토·도시계획학회 01.04.2021
• Subjects: 공학일반; 21세기 도시화; 지속가능성; 도시공동체; Sustainability; Eco-City; 생태 도시; 21st Century Urbanization; Urban Community
• ISSN: 1226-7147; 2383-9171
• DOI: 10.17208/jkpa.2021.04.56.2.189

본 연구는 유럽과 중국의 해안에서 최근 건설되고 있는 생태 도시들에 대하여 일반적으로 적용되는 “생태”의 의미와 계획상 적용을 비교 분석하여 미래 도시환경의 지속가능성과 공존의 도시공동체에 대하여 새로운 시사점을 도출하고자 한다. 우선 동북아시아의 대표적 예로서 중국의 동부해안과 황해를 중심으로 계획된생태 도시 모델인 동탄 신도시(Dongtan Eco-City: 東灘生态城), 난휘 신도시(Nanhui New City: 南汇新城), 청도의 중-독합작 생태 도시(Sino-German Eco-Park: 中德生态园), 톈진(天津) 지역 빈하이신구 중심구(Binhai CBD: 滨海新区中心区) 와 탕구(濱海 塘沽, Binhai Tanggu) 근교의 중국-싱가포르 합작 톈진 생태 도시(Sino-Singapore Tianjin Eco-City, SSTEC: 中新天津生态城)를 조명하였다. 다음으로 네덜란드 암스테르담에 건설 중인 IJburg와 스웨덴-덴마크의 국경 외레순 해협에 있는 Malmö를 대표적 북유럽 해안의 생태 도시로 삼아, 이들 도시를 중국 해안 생태 도시와 비교하고 도시 계획상 차별된시사점을 발견하고자 한다. In the 21st century, the Eco-City concept has become the dominant paradigm for urban development in the Yellow Sea region. Focusing on Northeast China, this study tries to illuminate the Eco-City model planned in the eastern coast of China, in areas such as the Dongtan Eco-City and the Nanhui New City near Shanghai, the Sino-German Eco-Park Near Qingdao, and the Sino-Singapore Tianjin Eco-City and Binhai New Area CBD near Tianjin. This study analyzes these Chinese Eco-Cities by comparing their ecological elements with two European coastal Eco-Cities, IJburg near Amsterdam in the Netherlands and Malmö in Sweden, which reveals the particular construction of “Ecology” in the current Eco- City construction. By comparing these five Chinese Eco-Cities and two European Eco-Cities, the study highlights the conspicuous differences between the European and Chinese cities. Using a comparative analysis, this study not only examines the emergence of future ecological developments manifesting in recent environmental standards, but also the change in the developmental paradigm in the making of contemporary Eco-Cities. On the Chinese east coast, the Eco-City paradigm includes the existing top-down approach to establish a world-class urban environment, create a shared technical element, and boost urbanization through ecological imageries. In contrast, the two European Eco-Cities in the North Sea present a method to create a participatory planning process. Their effort to create the bottom-up process shows the collective intelligence and the democratic decision making involved during the development. The new Eco-City paradigm emerging from the comparison between the two regions will benefit the production of new urban spaces that are more diverse and incremental, thus respecting our ecological nature and future generations. KCI Citation Count: 0