Inducing Potential Mutants in Bread Wheat Using Different Doses of Certain Physical and Chemical Mutagens

• Published in: Plant breeding and biotechnology Vol. 8; no. 3; pp. 252 - 264
• Main Authors: Ghada M. Sh. M. Abaza, Hassan A. Awaad, Zakaria M. Attia, Khalid S. Abdel-lateif, Mohamed A. Gomaa, Safy M. Sh. M. Abaza, Elsayed Mansour
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: Korean
• Published: 한국육종학회 30.09.2020; The Korean Breeding Society
• Subjects: Ethyl methanesulfonate; Gamma ray; Genetic variation; Laser beams; Mutation breeding; Gamma ray; Laser beams; Ethyl methanesulfonate; Genetic variation; Mutation breeding
• ISSN: 2287-9358

Mutation is an effective strategy not only for creating novel variation into crop genome but also for direct releasing adapted and high-yielding genotypes. The current work explores inducing genetic variability in bread wheat using physical and chemical mutagens. Three wheat cultivars were treated by three mutagens; gamma irradiation (five doses; 250, 300, 350, 400 and 450 Gray); laser ray (three treatments; 1, 1.5, and 2 hour exposure) and EMS (three concentrations; 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4%). Besides, a combination of physical (laser) and chemical (EMS) mutagens using middle range of each treatment (1.5 hour laser and 0.3% EMS) was attempted to be applied. The treated seeds were sown in the first season and 4050 M 1 plants were harvested. The harvested seeds were sown in the second season, and 78750 M 2 plants were obtained. The selection was performed in second season (M2) based on morpho-physiological and yield traits; flag leaf area, flag leaf chlorophyll content, plant height, spike length, grain yield per plant and its components. Based on evaluated traits fourteen mutants were selected to be evaluated in the third generation (M 3 ). The results indicated that the used mutagens had direct impact and significantly improved agronomic traits in derivative mutants compared to their parent cultivars. Moreover, the maximum increment in yield related traits were obtained by 0.4% EMS, 1 and 2 hour-laser, 350-Gy, 1.5 hour × 0.3% EMS and 250-Gy. The obtained results highlighted the importance of these doses of applied mutagens to induce useful genetic variability in bread wheat for improving grain yield and contributing traits.