Liepmann initiated “Apraxia theory”

• Published in: Higher Brain Function Research Vol. 37; no. 3; pp. 253 - 259
• Main Author: Kondo, Masaki
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: Japanese
• Published: Japan Society for Higher Brain Dysfunction 30.09.2017
• Subjects: Liepmann, 失行, 古典症例 Liepmann, apraxia, classical cases
• ISSN: 1348-4818; 1880-6554
• DOI: 10.2496/hbfr.37.253

Studying classical cases promotes understanding of the process of identifying and classifying neuropsychological signs and re-evaluating the significance of these signs. As apraxia theory is associated with controversial problems, it is important to study the first case reported by Liepmann, a pioneer of apraxia studies, and re-evaluate his ideas about apraxia theory.   In this article, I report the contemporary and personal background of Liepmann, and introduce medical records of the first case he reported and assessed. In addition, I consider Liepmannʼs reports after describing the initial case and his apraxia theory. Finally, I point out problems regarding the first case. According to Liepmannʼs apraxia theory, this case may have been unique, presenting with three problems: apraxia of his right hand, various action disorders not solely due to apraxia, and the combination of apraxia and aphasia.  The focus of apraxia studies has expanded from brain injury, reported by Liepmann, to neurodegenerative diseases. It is necessary to return to the starting point and re-evaluate apraxia theory.