心室筋内向き整流カリウム電流と細胞内マグネシウムイオン
I. はじめに 心室筋の静止電位は約-90mVに維持されており, 生理的には自発的に脱分極することはない. この電気生理学的性質はK+の平衡電位(Ek)付近の膜電位で流れる内向き整流K+電流(Ik1)の存在による. IK1が流れるK+チャネルは, 活動電位が発生し膜が脱分極すると急速に閉じ, 活動電位の間にK+濃度勾配に従って外向きのK+電流が流れだすのを防いでいる(図1A). この性質は心筋活動電位の長いプラトー相がわずかな内向き電流によって維持されることを可能にし, 活動電位発生に伴うエネルギー需要を減少させる重要な役割をになう1). 再分極が始まると, 膜電位がEKに近づくにつれてIK1...
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| Published in | 心電図 Vol. 28; no. 3; pp. 235 - 241 |
|---|---|
| Main Author | |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | Japanese |
| Published |
一般社団法人 日本不整脈心電学会
2008
日本心電学会 |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 0285-1660 1884-2437 |
| DOI | 10.5105/jse.28.235 |
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| Abstract | I. はじめに 心室筋の静止電位は約-90mVに維持されており, 生理的には自発的に脱分極することはない. この電気生理学的性質はK+の平衡電位(Ek)付近の膜電位で流れる内向き整流K+電流(Ik1)の存在による. IK1が流れるK+チャネルは, 活動電位が発生し膜が脱分極すると急速に閉じ, 活動電位の間にK+濃度勾配に従って外向きのK+電流が流れだすのを防いでいる(図1A). この性質は心筋活動電位の長いプラトー相がわずかな内向き電流によって維持されることを可能にし, 活動電位発生に伴うエネルギー需要を減少させる重要な役割をになう1). 再分極が始まると, 膜電位がEKに近づくにつれてIK1チャネルは開き, 外向き電流が増加する(図1B). それによって心室筋活動電位終盤の速やかな再分極を引き起こすこともIK1の重要な機能である1). IK1のプルキンエ線維における存在がDenis Nobleによって見出されたときから, IK1は時間依存性を示さない電流, すなわち背景電流(background current)として記載されてきた(IK1の名はNobleが初期に膜のK+コンダクタンスを時間非依存性成分と時間依存性成分に分け, それぞれGK1, GK2とよんだこと2)に由来するため, 心筋分野における独自のよび名である). |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | I. はじめに 心室筋の静止電位は約-90mVに維持されており, 生理的には自発的に脱分極することはない. この電気生理学的性質はK+の平衡電位(Ek)付近の膜電位で流れる内向き整流K+電流(Ik1)の存在による. IK1が流れるK+チャネルは, 活動電位が発生し膜が脱分極すると急速に閉じ, 活動電位の間にK+濃度勾配に従って外向きのK+電流が流れだすのを防いでいる(図1A). この性質は心筋活動電位の長いプラトー相がわずかな内向き電流によって維持されることを可能にし, 活動電位発生に伴うエネルギー需要を減少させる重要な役割をになう1). 再分極が始まると, 膜電位がEKに近づくにつれてIK1チャネルは開き, 外向き電流が増加する(図1B). それによって心室筋活動電位終盤の速やかな再分極を引き起こすこともIK1の重要な機能である1). IK1のプルキンエ線維における存在がDenis Nobleによって見出されたときから, IK1は時間依存性を示さない電流, すなわち背景電流(background current)として記載されてきた(IK1の名はNobleが初期に膜のK+コンダクタンスを時間非依存性成分と時間依存性成分に分け, それぞれGK1, GK2とよんだこと2)に由来するため, 心筋分野における独自のよび名である). |
| Author | 石原, 圭子 |
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| References | 9) Vandenberg CA: Inward rectification of a potassium channel in cardiac ventricular cells depends on internal magnesium ions. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 1987; 84: 2560-2564 20) Schmitz C, Perraud AL, Johnson CO, Inabe K, Smith MK, Penner R, Kurosaki T, Fleig A, Scharenberg AM: Regulation of vertebrate cellular Mg2+ homeostasis by TRPM7. Cell, 2003; 114: 191-200 10) Tursun P, Tashiro M, Konishi M: Modulation of Mg2+ efflux from rat ventricular myocytes studied with the fluorescent indicator furaptra. Biophys J, 2005; 88: 1911-1924 19) Flamigni F, Rossoni C, Stefanelli C, Caldarera CM Polyamine metabolism and function in the heart. J Mol Cell Cardiol, 1986; 18: 3-11 1) Noble D: The initiation of the heartbeat: Oxford University Press, 1979 11) Yan DH, Ishihara K: Two Kir2.1 channel populations with different sensitivities to Mg2+ and polyamine block : a model for the cardiac strong inward rectifier K+ channel. J Physiol, 2005; 563: 725-744 14) Ishihara K, Ehara T: Two modes of polyamine block regulating the cardiac inward rectifier K +current IK, as revealed by a study of the Kir2.1 channel expressed in a human cell line. J Physiol, 2004; 556: 61-78 2) Noble D: A modification of the Hodgkin-Huxley equations applicable to Purkinje fibre action and pace-maker potentials. J Physiol, 1962; 160: 317-352 4) Kurachi Y : Voltage-dependent activation of the inward-rectifier potassium channel in the ventricular cell membrane of guinea-pig heart. J Physiol, 1985; 366: 365-385 13) Yan DH, Nishimura K, Yoshida K, Nakahira K, Ehara T, Igarashi K, Ishihara K: Different intracellular polyamine concentrations underlie the difference in the inward rectifier K + currents in atria and ventricles of the guinea-pig heart. J Physiol, 2005; 563: 713-724 15) Ishihara K, Ehara T: A repolarization-induced transient increase in the outward current of the inward rectifier K+ channel in guinea-pig cardiac myocytes. J Physiol, 1998; 510: 755-771 6) Lopatin AN, Makhina EN, Nichols CG: Potassium channel block by cytoplasmic polyamines as the mechanism of intrinsic rectification. Nature, 1994; 372: 366-369 5) Matsuda H: Open-state substructure of inwardly rectifying potassium channels revealed by magnesium block in guinea-pig heart cells. J Physiol, 1988; 397: 237-258 12) Watanabe S, Kusama-Eguchi K, Kobayashi H, Igarashi K: Estimation of polyamine binding to macromolecules and ATP in Bovine lymphocytes and rat liver. J Biol Chem, 1991; 266: 20803-20809 21) Matsuoka S, Sarai N, Kuratomi S, Ono K, Noma A : Role of individual ionic current systems in ventricular cells hypothesized by a model study. Jpn J Physiol, 2003; 53: 105-123 8) Ishihara K: Time-dependent outward currents through the inward rectifier potassium channel IRK1. The role of weak blocking molecules. J Gen Physio1, 1997; 109: 229-243 17) Ishihara K, Yan DH: Low-affinity spermine block mediating outward currents through Kir2.1 and Kir2.2 inward rectifier potassium channels. J Physiol, 2007; 583: 891-908 18) Jelicks LA, Gupta RK: Intracellular free magnesium and high energy phosphates in the perfused normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rat heart. A 31P NMR study. Am J Hypertens, 1991; 4: 131-136 7) Yamashita T, Horio Y, Yamada M, Takahashi N, Kondo C, Kurachi Y: Competition between Mg2+ and spermine for a cloned IRK2 channel expressed in a human cell line. J Physiol, 1996 ; 493: 143-156 3) Sakmann B, Trube G: Voltage-dependent inactivation of inward-rectifying single-channel currents in the guinea-pig heart cell membrane. J Physiol, 1984; 347: 659-683 16) Ishihara K, Yan DH, Yamamoto S, Ehara T Inward rectifier K+ current under physiological cytoplasmic conditions in guinea-pig cardiac ventricular cells. J Physiol, 2002; 540: 831-841 |
| References_xml | – reference: 7) Yamashita T, Horio Y, Yamada M, Takahashi N, Kondo C, Kurachi Y: Competition between Mg2+ and spermine for a cloned IRK2 channel expressed in a human cell line. J Physiol, 1996 ; 493: 143-156 – reference: 8) Ishihara K: Time-dependent outward currents through the inward rectifier potassium channel IRK1. The role of weak blocking molecules. J Gen Physio1, 1997; 109: 229-243 – reference: 1) Noble D: The initiation of the heartbeat: Oxford University Press, 1979 – reference: 10) Tursun P, Tashiro M, Konishi M: Modulation of Mg2+ efflux from rat ventricular myocytes studied with the fluorescent indicator furaptra. Biophys J, 2005; 88: 1911-1924 – reference: 12) Watanabe S, Kusama-Eguchi K, Kobayashi H, Igarashi K: Estimation of polyamine binding to macromolecules and ATP in Bovine lymphocytes and rat liver. J Biol Chem, 1991; 266: 20803-20809 – reference: 15) Ishihara K, Ehara T: A repolarization-induced transient increase in the outward current of the inward rectifier K+ channel in guinea-pig cardiac myocytes. J Physiol, 1998; 510: 755-771 – reference: 3) Sakmann B, Trube G: Voltage-dependent inactivation of inward-rectifying single-channel currents in the guinea-pig heart cell membrane. J Physiol, 1984; 347: 659-683 – reference: 18) Jelicks LA, Gupta RK: Intracellular free magnesium and high energy phosphates in the perfused normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rat heart. A 31P NMR study. Am J Hypertens, 1991; 4: 131-136 – reference: 11) Yan DH, Ishihara K: Two Kir2.1 channel populations with different sensitivities to Mg2+ and polyamine block : a model for the cardiac strong inward rectifier K+ channel. J Physiol, 2005; 563: 725-744 – reference: 21) Matsuoka S, Sarai N, Kuratomi S, Ono K, Noma A : Role of individual ionic current systems in ventricular cells hypothesized by a model study. Jpn J Physiol, 2003; 53: 105-123 – reference: 6) Lopatin AN, Makhina EN, Nichols CG: Potassium channel block by cytoplasmic polyamines as the mechanism of intrinsic rectification. Nature, 1994; 372: 366-369 – reference: 14) Ishihara K, Ehara T: Two modes of polyamine block regulating the cardiac inward rectifier K +current IK, as revealed by a study of the Kir2.1 channel expressed in a human cell line. J Physiol, 2004; 556: 61-78 – reference: 2) Noble D: A modification of the Hodgkin-Huxley equations applicable to Purkinje fibre action and pace-maker potentials. J Physiol, 1962; 160: 317-352 – reference: 16) Ishihara K, Yan DH, Yamamoto S, Ehara T Inward rectifier K+ current under physiological cytoplasmic conditions in guinea-pig cardiac ventricular cells. J Physiol, 2002; 540: 831-841 – reference: 5) Matsuda H: Open-state substructure of inwardly rectifying potassium channels revealed by magnesium block in guinea-pig heart cells. J Physiol, 1988; 397: 237-258 – reference: 4) Kurachi Y : Voltage-dependent activation of the inward-rectifier potassium channel in the ventricular cell membrane of guinea-pig heart. J Physiol, 1985; 366: 365-385 – reference: 17) Ishihara K, Yan DH: Low-affinity spermine block mediating outward currents through Kir2.1 and Kir2.2 inward rectifier potassium channels. J Physiol, 2007; 583: 891-908 – reference: 9) Vandenberg CA: Inward rectification of a potassium channel in cardiac ventricular cells depends on internal magnesium ions. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 1987; 84: 2560-2564 – reference: 20) Schmitz C, Perraud AL, Johnson CO, Inabe K, Smith MK, Penner R, Kurosaki T, Fleig A, Scharenberg AM: Regulation of vertebrate cellular Mg2+ homeostasis by TRPM7. Cell, 2003; 114: 191-200 – reference: 13) Yan DH, Nishimura K, Yoshida K, Nakahira K, Ehara T, Igarashi K, Ishihara K: Different intracellular polyamine concentrations underlie the difference in the inward rectifier K + currents in atria and ventricles of the guinea-pig heart. J Physiol, 2005; 563: 713-724 – reference: 19) Flamigni F, Rossoni C, Stefanelli C, Caldarera CM Polyamine metabolism and function in the heart. J Mol Cell Cardiol, 1986; 18: 3-11 |
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| Snippet | I. はじめに 心室筋の静止電位は約-90mVに維持されており, 生理的には自発的に脱分極することはない. この電気生理学的性質はK+の平衡電位(Ek)付近の膜電位で流れる内向き整流K+電流(Ik1)の存在による. IK1が流れるK+チャネルは, 活動電位が発生し膜が脱分極すると急速に閉じ,... |
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| Title | 心室筋内向き整流カリウム電流と細胞内マグネシウムイオン |
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