NMDA Receptor‐Mediated Neurotoxicity: A Paradoxical Requirement for Extracellular Mg2+ in Na+/Ca2+‐Free Solutions in Rat Cortical Neurons In Vitro

• Published in: Journal of neurochemistry Vol. 68; no. 5; pp. 1836 - 1845
• Main Authors: Hartnett, K. A., Stout, A. K., Rajdev, S., Rosenberg, P. A., Reynolds, I. J., Aizenman, E.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Oxford, UK Blackwell Science Ltd 01.05.1997; Blackwell
• Subjects: Animals; Biochemistry and metabolism; Biological and medical sciences; Cations; Cell culture; Central nervous system; Cerebral Cortex - cytology; Cerebral Cortex - metabolism; Culture Techniques; Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists - pharmacology; Excitotoxicity; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Glutamic Acid - pharmacology; Magnesium - metabolism; N-Methylaspartate - pharmacology; Neurodegeneration; Neurons - drug effects; Neurotoxins - pharmacology; N‐Methyl‐d‐aspartate; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate - physiology; Vertebrates: nervous system and sense organs; Culture medium; Cerebral cortex; Rat; Toxicity; Rodentia; Central nervous system; Glutamate receptor; Vertebrata; Mammalia; Degeneration; Magnesium; NMDA receptor; Brain (vertebrata)
• ISSN: 0022-3042; 1471-4159
• DOI: 10.1046/j.1471-4159.1997.68051836.x

: Accumulation of intracellular Ca2+ is known to be critically important for the expression of NMDA receptor‐mediated glutamate neurotoxicity. We have observed, however, that glutamate can also increase the neuronal intracellular Mg2+ concentration on activation of NMDA receptors. Here, we used conditions that elevate intracellular Mg2+ content independently of Ca2+ to investigate the potential role of Mg2+ in excitotoxicity in rat cortical neurons in vitro. In Ca2+‐free solutions in which the Na+ was replaced by N‐methyl‐d‐glucamine or Tris (but not choline), which also contained 9 mM Mg2+, exposure to 100 µM glutamate or 200 µM NMDA for 20 min produced delayed neuronal cell death. Neurotoxicity was correlated to the extracellular Mg2+ concentration and could be blocked by addition of NMDA receptor antagonists during, but not immediately following, agonist exposure. Finally, we observed that rat cortical neurons grown under different serum conditions develop an altered sensitivity to Mg2+‐dependent NMDA receptor‐mediated toxicity. Thus, the increase in intracellular Mg2+ concentration following NMDA receptor stimulation may be an underestimated component critical for the expression of certain forms of excitotoxic injury.