Pharmacokinetics of voriconazole
Vohconazole (VRCZ), a broad-spectrum triazole, is served in two dosage forms-injection and tablet. VRCZ shows excellent absorption and high bioavailability even in oral administration. It must be administered, how-ever, between meals because absorption is delayed after fatty food intake compared to...
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Published in | Japanese Journal of Chemotherapy Vol. 53; no. Supplement2; pp. 16 - 23 |
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Main Author | |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | Japanese |
Published |
Japanese Society of Chemotherapy
2005
公益社団法人 日本化学療法学会 |
Subjects | |
Online Access | Get full text |
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Summary: | Vohconazole (VRCZ), a broad-spectrum triazole, is served in two dosage forms-injection and tablet. VRCZ shows excellent absorption and high bioavailability even in oral administration. It must be administered, how-ever, between meals because absorption is delayed after fatty food intake compared to fasting administration.VRCZ shows excellent tissue penetration with the concentration in tissues exceeding the MIC of major fungal species. VRCZ also penetrates well into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). In humans, 1-10 h after receipt of VRCZ, the ratio of CSF to plasma concentration ranged from 0.22 to 1.0 (median, 0.46).Three microsome enzymes are involved in VRCZ metabolism, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, and CYP3A4, and polymorphisms in CYP2C19 may result in individual differences in VRCZ metabolism. In a phase I study, subjects classified as poor metabolizers (PM), which would include 19% of the Japanese population, had higher serum VRCZ concentrations than other subjects. Because VRCZ concentration varies greatly among individuals of the same genotype and the condition of a patient, however, a concomitant drug or the like will influence the exposure of VRCZ, it is difficult to adjust the amount of VRCZ by genotyping alone.In patients with renal damage, VRCZ dose adjustment is not required when administered in tablet form because VRCZ is not excreted by the kidneys. One agent added to the injection formula, sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin, is excreted by the kidneys, however, and may accumulate in patients with renal damage. Children show lower serum VRCZ concentration than adults, probably due to higher enzyme activity and more rapid drug clearance.This drug is given with a loading dose. The loading dose in intravenous administration is 6 mg/kg administered twice a day every 12 hours. For dosage from day 2 onward, it is recommended to administer 3 mg/kg for maintenance therapy and 4 mg/kg twice a day if the effect is insufficient with that amount. With oral administration, it is appropriate to administer 300 mg twice a day every 12 hours for the loading dose and 150-200 mg for the maintenance dose from the second day 2 onward.
Vohconazole (VRCZ) は幅広い抗真菌スペクトルを有するトリアゾール系抗真菌薬であり, 注射剤と錠剤の2剤形をもつ。VRCZは経口投与でも消化管からの吸収に優れ, bioavailabilityも高い。ただし, 高脂肪食摂取後の投与では, 空腹時投与に比べて, 吸収速度の遅延がみられるため, VRCZは食間投与とすべきである。VRCZは組織移行性も良好であり, その濃度は主要真菌のMICを上回っていた。脳・中枢神経への移行性も良好で, 投与後1~10時間の血漿中濃度に対する脳脊髄液中濃度の比は0.22~1.0 (中央値0.46) であつた。VRCZは, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP3A4によって代謝されるが, CYP2C19には遺伝子多型が存在し, 薬物代謝の個人差の一因と考えられている。日本人ではpoor metabolizer (PM) が約19%を占め, 第I相試験において遺伝子型別に血漿中VRCZ濃度を検討した結果, PMでは血漿中VRCZ濃度が高いことがわかった。ただし, 同じ遺伝子型の中でも個人間のばらつきは大きく, 患者における曝露量には全身状態や併用薬などの要因も影響すると考えられ, CYP2C19の遺伝子型のみから一律に投与量を決めることは困難である。腎機能障害患者における投与は, VRCZは腎排泄型ではないため, 錠剤において用量調整の必要はない。しかし, 注射剤の添加剤スルポブチルエーテルβ-シクロデキストリンは腎排泄型であり, 腎機能障害患者で蓄積が生じる可能性がある。小児患者においては, 成人と比べて血漿中VRCZ濃度が低いが, これは, 小児では酵素活性が高くクリアランスが大きいためと考えられる。本薬剤はloading doseが採用されており, 静脈内投与におけるloading doseは, 6mg/kgを12時間おきに1日2回投与, 2日目以降は維持療法として3mg/kg, 効果不十分の場合は4mg/kgの1日2回投与が勧められる。また経口投与においては, loading doseとして300mgを12時間ごとに2回, 2日目以降の維持用量は150~200mgが適当である。 |
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ISSN: | 1340-7007 1884-5886 |
DOI: | 10.11250/chemotherapy1995.53.supplement2_16 |