Functional assay of light-induced ion-transport by rhodopsins

Microbial rhodopsins are photoreceptive membrane proteins found from diverse microorganisms such as archaea, eubacteria, eukaryotes and viruses. Many microbial rhodopsins possess ion-transport activity by light, such as channels and pumps, and ion-transporting rhodopsins are important tools in optog...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inMethods in enzymology Vol. 679; p. 331
Main Authors Hososhima, Shoko, Abe-Yoshizumi, Rei, Kandori, Hideki
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States 2023
Subjects
Animals
Archaea - metabolism
Bacteria - metabolism
Ion Transport
Mammals - metabolism
Rhodopsin - chemistry
Rhodopsin - metabolism
Rhodopsins, Microbial - chemistry
Patch clamp
Microbial rhodopsin
Protonophore
Pump
Channel
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Summary:Microbial rhodopsins are photoreceptive membrane proteins found from diverse microorganisms such as archaea, eubacteria, eukaryotes and viruses. Many microbial rhodopsins possess ion-transport activity by light, such as channels and pumps, and ion-transporting rhodopsins are important tools in optogenetics that control animal behavior by light. Historically, molecular mechanism of rhodopsins has been studied by spectroscopic methods for purified proteins. On the other hand, ion-transport function has to be studied by different methods. This chapter introduces two methods of functional assay of ion-transporting rhodopsins by light. One is a patch clamp method using mammalian cells, and another is an ion-transport assay using pH electrode and microbial cells. These functional assay provides fundamental data of ion-transporting rhodopsins, and thus contributes to evaluation for optogenetic tools.
ISSN:1557-7988
DOI:10.1016/bs.mie.2022.08.018