異なる高さのスギ樹皮から検出された線虫の分類群組成および分子系統学的位置
線虫は樹皮から分離されており，地下部だけでなく地上部を含めた森林全体の物質循環に寄与している可能性がある．本研究は，地上部における線虫の分布と特異的な分類を解明するため，1 m から10 m までの異なる高さのスギ樹皮に生息する線虫の分類群組成と優占している分類群の分子系統学的位置を調べた．その結果，全ての樹皮から線虫が検出された．全ての樹高で真菌食性線虫が86% 以上と優占した．COI 領域にもとづく分子系統樹から全ての樹高の樹皮に生息するAphelenchoididae 科線虫はブートストラップ値100%で同一Clade に位置した．SSU 領域にもとづく分子系統樹からブートストラップ値9...
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| Published in | 日本線虫学会誌 Vol. 54; pp. 19 - 27 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | Japanese |
| Published |
日本線虫学会
2024
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| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 0919-6765 1882-3408 |
| DOI | 10.3725/jjn.54.19 |
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| Abstract | 線虫は樹皮から分離されており，地下部だけでなく地上部を含めた森林全体の物質循環に寄与している可能性がある．本研究は，地上部における線虫の分布と特異的な分類を解明するため，1 m から10 m までの異なる高さのスギ樹皮に生息する線虫の分類群組成と優占している分類群の分子系統学的位置を調べた．その結果，全ての樹皮から線虫が検出された．全ての樹高で真菌食性線虫が86% 以上と優占した．COI 領域にもとづく分子系統樹から全ての樹高の樹皮に生息するAphelenchoididae 科線虫はブートストラップ値100%で同一Clade に位置した．SSU 領域にもとづく分子系統樹からブートストラップ値92% 以上で3 つのClade に分かれ， 樹皮由来のAphelenchoididae 科線虫はリターや土壌に生息するものとは別Clade に位置した．したがって，線虫は地上高10 mのスギ樹皮まで生息し，Aphelenchoididae 科線虫が優占することが示された．さらに，Aphelenchoididae 科線虫は樹高にかかわらず同一系統が樹皮に分布することが示唆された．したがって，スギ樹皮に付着する蘚苔類が線虫の重要な生息地であることが示唆され，樹皮の分解過程には真菌食性線虫が間接的に関与することが考えられた． |
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| AbstractList | 線虫は樹皮から分離されており，地下部だけでなく地上部を含めた森林全体の物質循環に寄与している可能性がある．本研究は，地上部における線虫の分布と特異的な分類を解明するため，1 m から10 m までの異なる高さのスギ樹皮に生息する線虫の分類群組成と優占している分類群の分子系統学的位置を調べた．その結果，全ての樹皮から線虫が検出された．全ての樹高で真菌食性線虫が86% 以上と優占した．COI 領域にもとづく分子系統樹から全ての樹高の樹皮に生息するAphelenchoididae 科線虫はブートストラップ値100%で同一Clade に位置した．SSU 領域にもとづく分子系統樹からブートストラップ値92% 以上で3 つのClade に分かれ， 樹皮由来のAphelenchoididae 科線虫はリターや土壌に生息するものとは別Clade に位置した．したがって，線虫は地上高10 mのスギ樹皮まで生息し，Aphelenchoididae 科線虫が優占することが示された．さらに，Aphelenchoididae 科線虫は樹高にかかわらず同一系統が樹皮に分布することが示唆された．したがって，スギ樹皮に付着する蘚苔類が線虫の重要な生息地であることが示唆され，樹皮の分解過程には真菌食性線虫が間接的に関与することが考えられた． |
| Author | 北上, 雄大 松村, 龍一 松田, 陽介 山中, 豪 |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 fullname: 北上, 雄大 organization: 三重大学大学院生物資源学研究科 – sequence: 1 fullname: 松田, 陽介 organization: 三重大学大学院生物資源学研究科 – sequence: 1 fullname: 松村, 龍一 organization: 三重大学大学院生物資源学研究科 – sequence: 1 fullname: 山中, 豪 organization: 三重県 林業研究所 |
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| Copyright | 2025 日本線虫学会 |
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NewPhytologist 92, 513–517 Gu, J., Maria, M., Fang, Y., Liu, L., Bian, Y., Chen, X.(2020) Description of Laimaphelenchus sinensis n.sp. (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae) from decliningChinese pine, Pinus tabuliformis in Beijing, China.Journal of Nematology 52, 1–9. 鈴木康平・北上雄大・松田陽介 (2021) スギ地上部の異なる器官に分布する線虫の群集構造と菌糸量の推定. 日本森林学会誌 103, 253–258. Sriwati, R., Takemoto, S., Futai, K. (2006) Seasonal changes in the nematode fauna in pine trees killed bythe pinewood nematode, Bursaphelenchusxylophilus. Nematological Research 36, 87–100. Zhuo, K., Cui, R., Ye, W., Luo, M., Wang, H., Hu, X.,Liao, J. (2010) Morphological and molecularcharacterization of Aphelenchoides fujianensis n. sp.(Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae) from Pinusmassoniana in China. Zootaxa 2509, 39–52. Hothorn, T., Hornik, K., van de Wiel, M. A., Zeileis, A.(2006) A Lego system for conditional inference. TheAmerican Statistician 60, 257–263 Bongers, T. (1988) The nematodes of the Netherlands. Denematoden van Nederland. Ern identificatietabelvoor de in Nederland aangetroffen Zoetwater-enbodembewunende nematoden. Stichting UitgeverijKoninklijke Nederlandse NatuurhistorischeVereniging Lindo, Z., Gonzalez, A. (2010) The Bryosphere: AnIntegral and Influential Component of the Earth’sBiosphere. Ecosystems 13, 612–627. Lazarova, S., Peneva, V., Penev, L. (2000) Nematodeassemblages from the moss Hypnum cupressiformeHedw. growing on different substrates in a balkanicdurmast oak forest (Quercus dalechampii Ten.) onMount Vitosha, Bulgaria. Nematology 2, 263–272. Baermann, G. (1917) Eine einfache Methode zurAuffindung von Ankylostomum (Nematoden)Larven in Endproben. Geneeskd Tijdschr Ned Indie57, 131–137. McSorley, R. (2003) Adaptations of nematodes to environmental extremes. Florida Entomologist 86,138–142. Tsiafouli, M. A., Bhusal, D. R., Sgardelis, S. P. (2017)Nematode community indices for microhabitat typeand large scale landscape properties. EcologicalIndicators 73, 472–479. Bongers, T., Ferris, H. (1999) Nematode communitystructure as a bioindicator in environmentalmonitoring. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 14,224–228. 岡田浩明 (2007) 線虫群集を利用して土壌の健康度を理解する. 化学と生物 45, 43–50. Otsubo, R., Yoshiga, T., Kondo, E., Ishibashi, N. (2006)Coiling is Not Essential to Anhydrobiosis byAphelenchus avenae on Agar Amended withSucrose. Journal of Nematology 38, 41–45. Abebe, E., Traunspurger, W., Andrassy, I. (2006)Freshwater Nematodes: Ecology and Taxonomy. UK,CABI Press, 752pp De Ley, I. T., De Ley, P., Vierstraete, A., Karssen, G.,Moens, M., Vanfleteren, J. (2002) PhylogeneticAnalyses of Meloidogyne Small Subunit rDNA.Journal of Nematology 34, 319–327 林野庁 (2022) 令和3 年度版 森林・林業白書. 社団法人日本林業協会 東京 Yeates, G. W. (2007) Abundance, diversity, and resilienceof nematode assemblages in forest soils. CanadianJournal of Forest Research 37, 216–225. Kitagami, Y., Tanikawa, T., Matsuda, Y. (2020) Effects ofmicrohabitats and soil conditions on structuringpatterns of nematode communities in Japanese cedar(Cryptomeria japonica) plantation forests undertemperate climate conditions. Soil Biology andBiochemistry 151, 108044. van den Hoogen, J., Geisen, S., Routh, D., Ferris, H.,Traunspurger, W., Wardle, D. A., et al. (2019) Soilnematode abundance and functional groupcomposition at a global scale. Nature 572, 194–198. Kanzaki, N., Futai, K. (2002) A PCR primer set fordetermination of phylogenetic relationships of Bursaphelenchus species within the xylophilusgroup. Nematology 4, 35–41. Kitagami, Y., Kanzaki, N., Tanikawa, T., Matsuda, Y.(2019) Free-living nematodes associated with pinecones of Pinus thunbergii and P. taeda at Japanesecoastal and inland forest sites. Nematology 21, 389–400. Maleita, C., Costa, S. R., Abrantes, I. (2018)Laimaphelenchus suberensis sp. nov. associated withQuercus suber in Portugal. European Journal ofPlant Pathology 150, 747–758. De Goede, R. G. M. (1996) Effects of sod-cutting on thenematode community of a secondary forest of Pinussylvestris L. Biology and Fertility of Soils 22, 227–236. Olia, M., Ahmad, W., Araki, M., Minaka, N., Oba, H.,Olada, H. (2008) Actus salvadoricus Baqri andJairajpuri (Mononchida: Mylonchulidae) from Japanwith comment on the phylogenetic position of thegenus Actus based on 18S rDNA sequences. JapaneseJournal of Nematology 38, 57–69. Hothorn, T., Hornik, K. (2021) exactRankTests: ExactDistributions for Rank and Permutation Tests. Rpackage version 0.8–35. Altschul, S. F., Madden, T. L., Schäffer, A. A., Zhang, J.,Zhang, Z., Miller, W., Lipman, D. J. (1997) Gapped BLAST and PSI-BLAST: a new generation of proteindatabase search programs. Nucleic Acids Research25, 3389–3402. Yeates, G. W. (1972) Nematoda of a Danish beech forest.Oikos 23, 178–189. 神崎菜摘 (2006) Bursaphelenchus 属線虫の分類と系統.日本森林学会誌 88, 392–406. Schenk, J., Traunspurger, W., Ristau, K. (2016) Geneticdiversity of widespread moss-dwelling nematodespecies in German beech forests. European Journalof Soil Biology 74, 23–31. Nakabayashi, Y., Aikawa, T., Matsushita, M., Hoshizaki,K. (2018) Sampling design for efficient detection ofpine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, indiseased trees using a DNA detection kit: variationacross branch, trunk and tree. Nematology 20, 641–652. Rybarczyk-Mydłowska, K., Mooyman, P., van Megen,H., van den Elsen, S., Vervoort, M., Veenhuizen, P.,van Doorn, J., Dees, R., Karssen, G., Bakker, J.,Helder, J. (2012) Small Subunit Ribosomal DNABasedPhylogenetic Analysis of Foliar Nematodes(Aphelenchoides spp.) and Their QuantitativeDetection in Complex DNA Backgrounds.Nematology 102, 1153–1160. Yeates, G. W., Bongers, T., De Goede, R. G. M.,Freckman, D. W., Georgieva, S. S. (1993) Feedinghabits in soil nematode families and genera – anoutline for soil ecologists. Journal of Nematology 25,315–331. 吉田智弘 (2006) スギ林の腐食連鎖系における資源動態と節足動物群集の時空間構造. 名古屋大学森林科学研究 25, 107–153. 水久保 隆之・二井 一禎 (2014) 線虫学実験．京都大学学術出版会 Zhao, Z. Q., Riley, I. T., Davis, K. A., Li, D. M. (2009)Above-ground nematodes of conifers in southeasternAustralia. Transactions of the Royal SocietySouth Australia 133, 41–50. Cheng, J., Ma, W., Hao, B., Liu, X., Li, F. Y. (2021)Divergent responses of nematodes in plant litterversus in top soil layer to nitrogen addition in a semiaridgrassland. Applied Soil Ecology 157, 103719 清原友也・徳重陽山 (1971) マツ生立木に対する線虫Bursaphelenchus sp. の接種試験. 日本森林学会誌53, 210–218. R Core Team (2020) R: A language and environment forstatistical computing. R Foundation for StatisticalComputing, Vienna, Austria. https://www.R-project.org/. Sakai, H. (2010) A DNA extraction method with SDSfrom single nematodes for direct application to PCRamplification. Nematological Research 40, 13–14. Katoh, K., Standley, M. (2013) MAFFT MultipleSequence Al ignment Sof tware ver sion 7:improvements in performance and usability.Molecular Biology and Evolution 30, 772–780. Kitagami, Y., Matsuda, Y. (2023) Distribution andcharacterization of nematodes in above-groundmicrohabitats in a natural pristine cedar forest inYakushima Island, Japan. Canadian Journal ofZoology 102, 264–271. Kanzaki, N. (2013) Simple methods for morphologicalobservation of nematodes. Nematological Research43, 15–17. |
| References_xml | – reference: 清原友也・徳重陽山 (1971) マツ生立木に対する線虫Bursaphelenchus sp. の接種試験. 日本森林学会誌53, 210–218. – reference: Futai, K. (2013) Pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchusxylophilus. Annual Review of Phytopathology 51,61–83. – reference: Bongers, T. (1988) The nematodes of the Netherlands. Denematoden van Nederland. Ern identificatietabelvoor de in Nederland aangetroffen Zoetwater-enbodembewunende nematoden. Stichting UitgeverijKoninklijke Nederlandse NatuurhistorischeVereniging – reference: Kanzaki, N. (2013) Simple methods for morphologicalobservation of nematodes. Nematological Research43, 15–17. – reference: Zhao, Z. Q., Riley, I. T., Davis, K. A., Li, D. M. (2009)Above-ground nematodes of conifers in southeasternAustralia. Transactions of the Royal SocietySouth Australia 133, 41–50. – reference: R Core Team (2020) R: A language and environment forstatistical computing. R Foundation for StatisticalComputing, Vienna, Austria. https://www.R-project.org/. – reference: Cheng, J., Ma, W., Hao, B., Liu, X., Li, F. Y. (2021)Divergent responses of nematodes in plant litterversus in top soil layer to nitrogen addition in a semiaridgrassland. Applied Soil Ecology 157, 103719 – reference: Yeates, G. W. (2007) Abundance, diversity, and resilienceof nematode assemblages in forest soils. CanadianJournal of Forest Research 37, 216–225. – reference: Lazarova, S. S., De Goede, R. G. M., Peneva, V. K.,Bongers, T. (2004) Spatial patterns of variation in thecomposition and structure of nematode communitiesin relation to different microhabitats: A case study ofQuercus dalechampii Ten. forest. Soil Biology andBiochemistry 36, 701–712. – reference: Altschul, S. F., Madden, T. L., Schäffer, A. A., Zhang, J.,Zhang, Z., Miller, W., Lipman, D. J. (1997) Gapped BLAST and PSI-BLAST: a new generation of proteindatabase search programs. Nucleic Acids Research25, 3389–3402. – reference: Gu, J., Maria, M., Fang, Y., Liu, L., Bian, Y., Chen, X.(2020) Description of Laimaphelenchus sinensis n.sp. (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae) from decliningChinese pine, Pinus tabuliformis in Beijing, China.Journal of Nematology 52, 1–9. – reference: Hothorn, T., Hornik, K., van de Wiel, M. A., Zeileis, A.(2006) A Lego system for conditional inference. TheAmerican Statistician 60, 257–263 – reference: 吉田智弘 (2006) スギ林の腐食連鎖系における資源動態と節足動物群集の時空間構造. 名古屋大学森林科学研究 25, 107–153. – reference: 鈴木康平・北上雄大・松田陽介 (2021) スギ地上部の異なる器官に分布する線虫の群集構造と菌糸量の推定. 日本森林学会誌 103, 253–258. – reference: Maleita, C., Costa, S. R., Abrantes, I. (2018)Laimaphelenchus suberensis sp. nov. associated withQuercus suber in Portugal. European Journal ofPlant Pathology 150, 747–758. – reference: Kitagami, Y., Kanzaki, N., Tanikawa, T., Matsuda, Y.(2019) Free-living nematodes associated with pinecones of Pinus thunbergii and P. taeda at Japanesecoastal and inland forest sites. Nematology 21, 389–400. – reference: Pigott, C. D. (1982) Survival of mycorrhiza formed byCenococcum geophilum Fr. in dry soils. NewPhytologist 92, 513–517 – reference: Kumar, S., Stecher, G., Tamura, K. (2016) MEGA7:molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 7.0for bigger datasets. Molecular Biology and Evolution33, 1870–1874. – reference: Nakabayashi, Y., Aikawa, T., Matsushita, M., Hoshizaki,K. (2018) Sampling design for efficient detection ofpine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, indiseased trees using a DNA detection kit: variationacross branch, trunk and tree. Nematology 20, 641–652. – reference: Schenk, J., Traunspurger, W., Ristau, K. (2016) Geneticdiversity of widespread moss-dwelling nematodespecies in German beech forests. European Journalof Soil Biology 74, 23–31. – reference: Lindo, Z., Gonzalez, A. (2010) The Bryosphere: AnIntegral and Influential Component of the Earth’sBiosphere. Ecosystems 13, 612–627. – reference: Yeates, G. W. (1972) Nematoda of a Danish beech forest.Oikos 23, 178–189. – reference: Kitagami, Y., Tanikawa, T., Matsuda, Y. (2020) Effects ofmicrohabitats and soil conditions on structuringpatterns of nematode communities in Japanese cedar(Cryptomeria japonica) plantation forests undertemperate climate conditions. Soil Biology andBiochemistry 151, 108044. – reference: Kanzaki, N., Futai, K. (2002) A PCR primer set fordetermination of phylogenetic relationships of Bursaphelenchus species within the xylophilusgroup. Nematology 4, 35–41. – reference: Lazarova, S., Peneva, V., Penev, L. (2000) Nematodeassemblages from the moss Hypnum cupressiformeHedw. growing on different substrates in a balkanicdurmast oak forest (Quercus dalechampii Ten.) onMount Vitosha, Bulgaria. Nematology 2, 263–272. – reference: 北上雄大 (2023) 森林生態系における線虫群集の研究動向と展望. 日本森林学会誌 105, 136–146. – reference: Yeates, G. W., Bongers, T., De Goede, R. G. M.,Freckman, D. W., Georgieva, S. S. (1993) Feedinghabits in soil nematode families and genera – anoutline for soil ecologists. Journal of Nematology 25,315–331. – reference: Zhuo, K., Cui, R., Ye, W., Luo, M., Wang, H., Hu, X.,Liao, J. (2010) Morphological and molecularcharacterization of Aphelenchoides fujianensis n. sp.(Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae) from Pinusmassoniana in China. Zootaxa 2509, 39–52. – reference: De Ley, I. T., De Ley, P., Vierstraete, A., Karssen, G.,Moens, M., Vanfleteren, J. (2002) PhylogeneticAnalyses of Meloidogyne Small Subunit rDNA.Journal of Nematology 34, 319–327 – reference: Kitagami, Y., Matsuda, Y. (2023) Distribution andcharacterization of nematodes in above-groundmicrohabitats in a natural pristine cedar forest inYakushima Island, Japan. Canadian Journal ofZoology 102, 264–271. – reference: 岡田浩明 (2007) 線虫群集を利用して土壌の健康度を理解する. 化学と生物 45, 43–50. – reference: 神崎菜摘 (2006) Bursaphelenchus 属線虫の分類と系統.日本森林学会誌 88, 392–406. – reference: Katoh, K., Standley, M. (2013) MAFFT MultipleSequence Al ignment Sof tware ver sion 7:improvements in performance and usability.Molecular Biology and Evolution 30, 772–780. – reference: 林野庁 (2022) 令和3 年度版 森林・林業白書. 社団法人日本林業協会 東京 – reference: Abebe, E., Traunspurger, W., Andrassy, I. (2006)Freshwater Nematodes: Ecology and Taxonomy. UK,CABI Press, 752pp – reference: Olia, M., Ahmad, W., Araki, M., Minaka, N., Oba, H.,Olada, H. (2008) Actus salvadoricus Baqri andJairajpuri (Mononchida: Mylonchulidae) from Japanwith comment on the phylogenetic position of thegenus Actus based on 18S rDNA sequences. JapaneseJournal of Nematology 38, 57–69. – reference: Rybarczyk-Mydłowska, K., Mooyman, P., van Megen,H., van den Elsen, S., Vervoort, M., Veenhuizen, P.,van Doorn, J., Dees, R., Karssen, G., Bakker, J.,Helder, J. 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| Snippet | 線虫は樹皮から分離されており，地下部だけでなく地上部を含めた森林全体の物質循環に寄与している可能性がある．本研究は，地上部における線虫の分布と特異的な分類を解明するため，1 m から10 m... |
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| Title | 異なる高さのスギ樹皮から検出された線虫の分類群組成および分子系統学的位置 |
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