天然の雪結晶によるエーロゾル除去作用に関する実験 第一部:電荷を持たない雪結晶のミクロンおよびサブミクロン粒子に対する捕捉率
電荷を持たない雪結晶の,直径0.1ミクロンから6ミクロンまでのエーロゾル粒子に対する捕捉率が実験的に調べられた。エーロゾル捕捉実験は外部電場や泳動力の無視できる条件のもとで行なわれた。エーロゾルの粒径が6ミクロンから0.2ミクロンへと小さくなるにつれて捕捉率も減少した。しかし,0.2ミクロン付近で最小値に達し,さらに粒径が0.2ミクロンから0.1ミクロンへと小さくなると,逆に捕捉率は増加した。0.2ミクロンから6ミクロンまでのエーロゾル粒子に関しては,インターセプションが主な捕捉メカニズムと考えられた。雲粒付き雪結晶と雲粒付きでない雪結晶の捕捉率の差が小さいことにも明らかになった。今回の実験か...
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| Published in | 気象集誌. 第2輯 Vol. 63; no. 1; pp. 119 - 129 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English Japanese |
| Published |
公益社団法人 日本気象学会
1985
|
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 0026-1165 2186-9057 |
| DOI | 10.2151/jmsj1965.63.1_119 |
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| Abstract | 電荷を持たない雪結晶の,直径0.1ミクロンから6ミクロンまでのエーロゾル粒子に対する捕捉率が実験的に調べられた。エーロゾル捕捉実験は外部電場や泳動力の無視できる条件のもとで行なわれた。エーロゾルの粒径が6ミクロンから0.2ミクロンへと小さくなるにつれて捕捉率も減少した。しかし,0.2ミクロン付近で最小値に達し,さらに粒径が0.2ミクロンから0.1ミクロンへと小さくなると,逆に捕捉率は増加した。0.2ミクロンから6ミクロンまでのエーロゾル粒子に関しては,インターセプションが主な捕捉メカニズムと考えられた。雲粒付き雪結晶と雲粒付きでない雪結晶の捕捉率の差が小さいことにも明らかになった。今回の実験から得られた捕捉率は以前 Murakami et al. (1981,1983)により求められた観測値と良い一致を示した。 |
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| AbstractList | 電荷を持たない雪結晶の,直径0.1ミクロンから6ミクロンまでのエーロゾル粒子に対する捕捉率が実験的に調べられた。エーロゾル捕捉実験は外部電場や泳動力の無視できる条件のもとで行なわれた。エーロゾルの粒径が6ミクロンから0.2ミクロンへと小さくなるにつれて捕捉率も減少した。しかし,0.2ミクロン付近で最小値に達し,さらに粒径が0.2ミクロンから0.1ミクロンへと小さくなると,逆に捕捉率は増加した。0.2ミクロンから6ミクロンまでのエーロゾル粒子に関しては,インターセプションが主な捕捉メカニズムと考えられた。雲粒付き雪結晶と雲粒付きでない雪結晶の捕捉率の差が小さいことにも明らかになった。今回の実験から得られた捕捉率は以前 Murakami et al. (1981,1983)により求められた観測値と良い一致を示した。 |
| Author | 村上, 正隆 菊地, 勝弘 孫野, 長治 |
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| References | Whitby, K. T. and B. Y. H. Liu, 1968: Polystyrene aerosols-electrical charge and residue size distribution. Atmos. Environ., 2, 103-116. Prodi, F., M. Caporaloni, G. Santachiara and F. Tampieri, 1981: Inertial capture of particles by obstacles in form of disks and stellar crystals. Quart. J. R. Meteor. Soc., 107, 669-710. Knutson, E. O., S. K. Sood and J. D. Stockham, 1976: Aerosol collection by snow and ice crystals. Atmos. Environ., 10, 395-402. Martin, J.J., P.K. Wang and H.R. Pruppacher, 1980: A theoretical determination of the efficiency with which aerosol particles are collected by simple ice crystal plates. J. Atmos. Sci., 37, 1628-1638. Radke, L. F., P. V. Hobbs and M. W. Eltgroth, 1980: Scavenging of aerosol particles by precipitation. J. Appl. Meteor., 19, 715-722. Magono, C., T. Endoh, T. Harimaya and S. Kubota, 1974: A measurement of scavenging effect of falling snow crystals on the aerosol concentration. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 52, 407-416. MurakamiK. Kikuchi and C. Magono, 1985: Experiments on aerosol scavenging by natural snow crystals. Part II. Attachment rate of 0.1μm dia. particles to stationary snow crystals. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 63, 130-135. Ranz, W. E. and J. B. Wong, 1952: Impaction of dust and smoke particles on surface and body collectors. Ind. Eng. Chem., 44, 1371-1381. Murakami, M., C. Hiramatsu and C. Magono, 1981: Observation of aerosol scavenging by falling snow crystals at two sites of different heights. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 59, 763-771. Starr, J. R. and B. J. Mason, 1966: The capture of airborne particles by water drops and simulated snow crystals. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 92, 490-499. Stavitskaya, A. V., 1972: Capture of water-aerosol drops by flat obstacles in the form of star-shaped crystals. Izv. Akad. Nauk. Atmos. Oceanic Phys., 8, 768-772. Kajikawa, M., 1974: On the collection efficiency of snow crystals for cloud droplets. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 52, 328-336. Fuchs, N., 1964: The mechanics of aerosols, Pergamon Press, 408pp. Murakami, M., and C. Magono, 1984: Relationship between the size of cloud droplets and their residual particles. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 62, 696-701. Slinn, W. G. N., 1983: A potpourri of deposition and resuspension questions. Precipitation Scavenging, Dry Deposition, and Resuspension. (Edited by H. R. Pruppacher, R. G. Semonin and W. G. N. Slinn), 1361-1416. Murakami, M., T. Kimura, C. Magono and K. Kikuchi, 1983: Observations of precipitation scavenging for water-soluble particles. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 61, 346-358. Graedel, T. E. and J. P. Franey, 1975: Field measurements of submicron aerosol washout by snow. Geophys. Res. Lett., 2, 325-328. |
| References_xml | – reference: Ranz, W. E. and J. B. Wong, 1952: Impaction of dust and smoke particles on surface and body collectors. Ind. Eng. Chem., 44, 1371-1381. – reference: Fuchs, N., 1964: The mechanics of aerosols, Pergamon Press, 408pp. – reference: Radke, L. F., P. V. Hobbs and M. W. Eltgroth, 1980: Scavenging of aerosol particles by precipitation. J. Appl. Meteor., 19, 715-722. – reference: Murakami, M., and C. Magono, 1984: Relationship between the size of cloud droplets and their residual particles. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 62, 696-701. – reference: Graedel, T. E. and J. P. Franey, 1975: Field measurements of submicron aerosol washout by snow. Geophys. Res. Lett., 2, 325-328. – reference: Slinn, W. G. N., 1983: A potpourri of deposition and resuspension questions. Precipitation Scavenging, Dry Deposition, and Resuspension. (Edited by H. R. Pruppacher, R. G. Semonin and W. G. N. Slinn), 1361-1416. – reference: Prodi, F., M. Caporaloni, G. Santachiara and F. Tampieri, 1981: Inertial capture of particles by obstacles in form of disks and stellar crystals. Quart. J. R. Meteor. Soc., 107, 669-710. – reference: Kajikawa, M., 1974: On the collection efficiency of snow crystals for cloud droplets. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 52, 328-336. – reference: Starr, J. R. and B. J. Mason, 1966: The capture of airborne particles by water drops and simulated snow crystals. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 92, 490-499. – reference: Martin, J.J., P.K. Wang and H.R. Pruppacher, 1980: A theoretical determination of the efficiency with which aerosol particles are collected by simple ice crystal plates. J. Atmos. Sci., 37, 1628-1638. – reference: MurakamiK. Kikuchi and C. Magono, 1985: Experiments on aerosol scavenging by natural snow crystals. Part II. Attachment rate of 0.1μm dia. particles to stationary snow crystals. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 63, 130-135. – reference: Whitby, K. T. and B. Y. H. Liu, 1968: Polystyrene aerosols-electrical charge and residue size distribution. Atmos. Environ., 2, 103-116. – reference: Murakami, M., T. Kimura, C. Magono and K. Kikuchi, 1983: Observations of precipitation scavenging for water-soluble particles. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 61, 346-358. – reference: Murakami, M., C. Hiramatsu and C. Magono, 1981: Observation of aerosol scavenging by falling snow crystals at two sites of different heights. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 59, 763-771. – reference: Stavitskaya, A. V., 1972: Capture of water-aerosol drops by flat obstacles in the form of star-shaped crystals. Izv. Akad. Nauk. Atmos. Oceanic Phys., 8, 768-772. – reference: Knutson, E. O., S. K. Sood and J. D. Stockham, 1976: Aerosol collection by snow and ice crystals. Atmos. Environ., 10, 395-402. – reference: Magono, C., T. Endoh, T. Harimaya and S. Kubota, 1974: A measurement of scavenging effect of falling snow crystals on the aerosol concentration. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 52, 407-416. |
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| Subtitle | 第一部:電荷を持たない雪結晶のミクロンおよびサブミクロン粒子に対する捕捉率 |
| Title | 天然の雪結晶によるエーロゾル除去作用に関する実験 |
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