経済再構築とグローバル化の過程における台湾の若年労働力の出身市県から他市県への移動 : 1990年センサスに基づく説明

• Published in: 人口学研究 Vol. 29; pp. 7 - 27
• Main Authors: リャウ カオリー, Liaw Kao-Lee, 林 季平, Lin Ji-Ping
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: Japanese
• Published: 2001
• Subjects: Economic Restructuring; Globalization; Primary Migration; Taiwan
• ISSN: 0386-8311; 2424-2489
• DOI: 10.24454/jps.29.0_7

The purpose of this paper is to explain the 1985-90 interprefectural migration behaviors of the young (aged 25-29 in 1990) natives (i.e. those whose prefecture of residence in 1985 was identical to their native domicile) in the Taiwanese labor force, by applying a two-level nested logit model to a multidimensional tabulation of the full records of the 1990 Population Census. The major findings are as follows. Consistent with the human capital investment theory, the migration of the young natives responded sensitively and selectively to the new spatial pattern of economic opportunities created by the process of economic restructuring and globalization in the 1980s. The selectivity was related not only to the differences in the human capital of the natives but also to the norms of the patriarchal ideology of the Taiwanese society. As a "global city", Taipei City was particularly attractive to the best-educated, whereas its suburban prefecture was by far the strongest magnet for the primary migrants from all parts of Taiwan and attracted many less-educated workers who were obliged to reside in modest housing areas and to tolerate tortuous commuting to the jobs in the central city. Shinchu City benefited from its newly established Science Park and became particularly attractive to the primary migrants with college and university education, whereas Kaohsiung City, the core of the second largest metropolis, was burdened with stagnant and declining heavy-chemical industries and performed poorly in attracting the primary migrants of all levels of education. Although the less educated were less prone to migrate than the better educated, the low-skilled workers remained rather sensitive to labor market forces and helped make the unemployment rates of all prefectures similarly low. Under the influence of the patriarchal ideology, the migration of female workers was rather insensitive to the spatial variation in economic opportunities and was strongly enhanced by changes in marital status, whereas the migration of breadwinners was highly responsive to the push and pull of labor market forces. 本論文は1985〜90年の期間における若年(1990年に25〜29歳)労働力の出身地とみなされる市県から他市県への移動パターンを説明しようとするものである。ここでいう市県とは7大都市(台北,高雄,台中,台南,基隆,新竹,嘉義)と16県を合わせた計23の行政単位である。1990年人口センサス全数に基づく多重クロス表に入れ子型(nested)ロジット・モデルを適用して分析がなされた。主要な結果は以下の通りである。人的資本投資理論により指摘される通り,若者は経済再構築とグローバル化に敏感かつ選択的に反応していた。「グローバル都市」としての台北市は高学歴の若者にとって強い吸引力をもっていた。その周辺の台北県は台湾各地から最多の移動者を獲得したが,その中には低級住宅地に住み,台北市への通勤地獄に耐えねばならない低学歴の若者が多かった。広大なサイエンス・パークが新設された新竹市は大卒者にとって特に魅力がある都市になった。第2大都市圏の中心としての高雄市は競争力を失った重化学工業のため,学歴にかかわらず移動者の吸引力が弱かった。低学歴の若者は高学歴の若者よりも移動率が低かったが,未熟練労働者は就業機会の格差に敏感に反応したため,台湾各地の失業率を抑えることに貢献した。根強い家父長制イデオロギーのため,経済機会格差の影響力は女性に対して小さかったが,一家の稼ぎ手に対しては大きかった。