GPE: A High-Performance Edge GNN Inference Processor with Multi-Parallelism Format-Variation Mechanism

• Published in: IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems proceedings pp. 1 - 5
• Main Authors: Wang, Zhou, Du, Haochen, Zhou, Jiuren, Shu, Zhou, Xu, Yanqing, Mohan, Vivek, Han, Baoyi, Tang, Xiaonan, Qiao, Shushan, Yin, Shouyi, Bharath, Anil A., Drakakis, E. M.
• Format: Conference Proceeding
• Language: English
• Published: IEEE 25.05.2025
• Subjects: Cross layer design; Dynamic Pruning; Energy consumption; Energy efficiency; GNN; Graph neural networks; Graphics processing units; Hardware; Indexing; Memory management; Parallel processing; Path planning; processor
• ISSN: 2158-1525
• DOI: 10.1109/ISCAS56072.2025.11043254

Recently, Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have shown great potential in terms of accuracy for problems that are well-described by graph representations, such as problems of path planning. However, implementing GNNs on mobile platforms is challenging as it requires a significant amount of computation and large memory. This article proposes a High-Performance Edge GNN Inference Processor termed GPE (GNN Processing Element). Firstly, GPE sets up Multi-Dimensional Indexing and Dynamic Pruning Schemes (MIDPS) for GNN networks, and achieves cross layer interconnection of multiple neighboring nodes via NOC (Network on Chip); secondly, GPE utilizes Graph Structure Adjacency Table Information (GSATI) of a GNN to further reduce redundant and repetitive calculations by means of repeated matching and difference transfer mechanisms; thirdly, GPE has a graph-based Multi Parallelism Simplification and Operation Method (MPSOM) to improve computing speed and hardware utilization under small data volumes. Using 28nm CMOS synthesis tools, the area of the proposed GPE processor is 5.37 square millimeters. Its peak energy efficiency is 21.5TOPS/W, which is 3.76 times higher than that of the H100 GPU (Graphics Processing Unit), while the energy consumption of GNN is 80.9% lower than the previous SOTA (State of Art) work.