Design of high capacity 3D print codes with visual cues aiming for robustness to the PS channel and external distortions

• Published in: 2009 IEEE 11th International Workshop on Multimedia Signal Processing pp. 1 - 6
• Main Authors: Mayer, Joceli, Bermudez, J.C.M., Legg, A. P., Uchoa-Filho, B.F., Mukherjee, D., Said, A., Samadani, R., Simske, S.
• Format: Conference Proceeding
• Language: English
• Published: IEEE 01.10.2009
• Subjects: Algorithm design and analysis; Authentication; Bayesian methods; Color; Degradation; document authentication; hardcopy watermarking; Information security; Payloads; Printing; Robustness; Statistical pattern classification; Tagging
• ISBN: 9781424444632; 1424444632
• DOI: 10.1109/MMSP.2009.5293306

Adding high-density information to printed materials enables and improves interesting hardcopy document applications involving security, authentication, physical-electronic round tripping, item-level tagging, and consumer/product interaction. This investigation of robust and high capacity print codes aims to maximize information payload in a given printed page area, subject to robustness to channel errors including distortions introduced by the printing and scanning processes and also due to the usual degradations introduced by user manipulation of printed documents. The novel approach includes statistical print-and-scan channel characterization, designing of robust segmentation using visual cues, unsupervised Bayesian color classification with expectation-maximization algorithm for parameters estimation of a mixture of Gaussians model and design of error correction codes. Results illustrate the performance evaluated under real channel and distortions conditions. High payload is achieved with sufficient robustness to distortions resulting of regular office hardcopy document handling: print-and-scan channel and user manipulation.