Primary aldosteronism among newly diagnosed and untreated hypertensive patients in a Swedish primary care area

• Published in: Scandinavian journal of primary health care Vol. 29; no. 1; pp. 57 - 62
• Main Authors: Westerdahl, Christina, Bergenfelz, Anders, Isaksson, Anders, Nerbrand, Christina, Valdemarsson, Stig
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Informa Healthcare 01.03.2011; Taylor & Francis; Taylor & Francis LLC
• Subjects: Adrenal Glands - diagnostic imaging; Adult; Aged; Aldosterone; Aldosterone - blood; aldosterone to renin ratio; Blood Specimen Collection; Diagnosis; Endocrine disorders; family practice; Female; Fludrocortisone; Health care; Health Care Service and Management, Health Policy and Services and Health Economy; Health Sciences; Humans; Hyperaldosteronism - blood; Hyperaldosteronism - complications; Hyperaldosteronism - diagnosis; Hypertension; Hypertension - blood; Hypertension - complications; Hypertension - diagnosis; Hälso- och sjukvårdsorganisation, hälsopolitik och hälsoekonomi; Hälsovetenskap; Male; Medical and Health Sciences; Medical diagnosis; Medical screening; Medicin och hälsovetenskap; Middle Aged; Newly diagnosed; Original; Prevalence; primary aldosteronism; Primary care; Primary health care; Radiology; renin; Renin - blood; Sampling; Serum; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Untreated
• ISSN: 0281-3432; 1502-7724
• DOI: 10.3109/02813432.2011.554015

Abstract Objective. To evaluate the prevalence of primary aldosteronism (PA) in newly diagnosed and untreated hypertensive patients in primary care using the aldosterone/renin ratio (ARR), and to assess clinical and biochemical characteristics in patients with high and normal ARR. Design. Patient survey study. Setting and subjects. A total of 200 consecutive patients with newly diagnosed and untreated hypertension from six primary health care centres in Sweden were included. Main outcome measures. ARR was calculated from serum aldosterone and plasma renin concentrations. The cut-off level for ARR was 65. Patients with an increased ARR were considered for confirmatory testing with the fludrocortisone suppression test (FST), followed by adrenal computed tomographic radiology (CT) and adrenal venous sampling (AVS). Results. Of 200 patients, 36 patients had an ARR > 65. Of these 36 patients, 11 patients had an incomplete aldosterone inhibition during FST. Three patients were diagnosed with an aldosterone producing adenoma (APA) and eight with bilateral adrenal hyperplasia (BHA). Except for moderately lower level of P-K in patients with an ARR > 65 and in patients with PA, there were no biochemical or clinical differences found among hypertensive patients with PA compared with patients without PA. Conclusion. Eleven of 200 evaluated patients (5.5%) were considered to have PA. The diagnosis of PA should therefore be considered in newly diagnosed hypertensive subjects and screening for the diagnosis is warranted.