Diameter and compliance of the greater saphenous vein - effect of age and nitroglycerine

• Published in: Clinical physiology and functional imaging Vol. 31; no. 4; pp. 300 - 306
• Main Authors: Zachrisson, H., Lindenberger, M., Hallman, D., Ekman, M., Neider, D., Länne, T.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Oxford, UK Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01.07.2011; Blackwell
• Subjects: Adult; Age; Aged; Aging - drug effects; Aging - pathology; Biological and medical sciences; by pass surgery; compliance; Cuffs; Elastic Modulus - drug effects; Elastic Modulus - physiology; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; graft; Humans; Male; Mathematical analysis; MEDICIN; MEDICINE; Men; Nitroglycerin - pharmacology; Occlusion; Saphenous Vein - anatomy & histology; Saphenous Vein - drug effects; Saphenous Vein - physiology; Surgery; Thigh; Vasodilator Agents - pharmacology; Veins; venous ultrasound; Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems; venous ultrasound; by pass surgery; Vertebrata; Mammalia; Saphenous vein; Surgery; Nitroglycerin; compliance; Organic nitrate; Graft; Ultrasound; Age; Diameter; graft
• ISSN: 1475-0961; 1475-097X; 1475-097X
• DOI: 10.1111/j.1475-097X.2011.01016.x

Summary Objectives:  The greater saphenous vein (GSV) is commonly used in autologous vein graft surgery. GSV diameter has proven to influence graft patency, and furthermore venous compliance might be of importance. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of age on GSV diameter and compliance, and to evaluate the effect of nitroglycerine (NTG). Methods:  The diameter and compliance of the GSV, with and without NTG, were examined with B‐mode ultrasound in 12 elderly (70·3 ± 1·2 year) and 15 young (25·1 ± 0·6 year) men. The GSV diameter at the thigh and calf level was measured at rest, after 6 min of venous stasis (60 mmHg) and after NTG administration. Pressure–area curves during a linear venous pressure decrease were produced. Venous compliance was calculated using the quadratic regression equation (area) = β0 + β1 (cuff pressure) + β2 (cuff pressure)2. Results:  GVS diameter between the groups showed significant lower diameter in elderly compared to young men (P<0·05). Venous occlusion increased GSV diameter in elderly men (P<0·01) as well as young men (P<0·001). NTG increased GSV diameter in elderly men (P<0·01) with an equal trend in young men. During venous occlusion, after administration of NTG, GSV diameter increased further in both elderly (P<0·01) and young men (P<0·001). GSV compliance was decreased in elderly (β1, 0·037 ± 0019, β2,−0·000064 ± 00017) versus young men (β1, 0·128 ± 0·013, β2, −0·00010 ± 000018) [P<0·001 (β1), P<0·02 (β2)]. Conclusions:  Baseline GSV diameter as well as GSV compliance is decreased in elderly men compared to the young subjects. As reduced GSV diameter as well as reduced compliance is related to decreased graft patency, these findings might be of importance for the uses of GSV as graft material in cardiovascular bypass surgery. The clinical value has to be clarified in future studies.