Genetic isolation within the malaria mosquito Anopheles melas

Anopheles melas is a brackish water–breeding member of the Anopheles gambiae complex that is distributed along the coast of West Africa and is a major malaria vector within its range. Because little is known about the population structure of this species, we analysed 15 microsatellite markers and 11...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published inMolecular ecology Vol. 21; no. 18; pp. 4498 - 4513
Main Authors Deitz, Kevin C., Athrey, Giri, Reddy, Michael R., Overgaard, Hans J., Matias, Abrahan, Jawara, Musa, della Torre, Alessandra, Petrarca, Vincenzo, Pinto, João, E. Kiszewski, Anthony, Kengne, Pierre, Costantini, Carlo, Caccone, Adalgisa, Slotman, Michel A.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published England Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01.09.2012
Subjects
Africa, Southern
Africa, Western
Animal migration
Animals
Anopheles - genetics
Anopheles gambiae
Anopheles melas
Bayes Theorem
Bayesian analysis
DNA, Mitochondrial - genetics
Genetic Variation
Genetics, Population
Habitats
Likelihood Functions
Malaria
Microsatellite Repeats
microsatellites
migration
Mitochondrial DNA
Molecular Sequence Data
Mosquitoes
Phylogeny
population structure
Reproductive Isolation
Sequence Analysis, DNA
Africa, Southern
Africa, Western
PSW, Africa
ASE, Africa
Equatorial Guinea, Bioko I
Online AccessGet full text

Cover

More Information
Summary:Anopheles melas is a brackish water–breeding member of the Anopheles gambiae complex that is distributed along the coast of West Africa and is a major malaria vector within its range. Because little is known about the population structure of this species, we analysed 15 microsatellite markers and 1161 bp of mtDNA in 11 A. melas populations collected throughout its range. Compared with its sibling species A. gambiae, A. melas populations have a high level of genetic differentiation between them, representing its patchy distribution due to its fragmented larval habitat that is associated with mangroves and salt marsh grass. Populations clustered into three distinct groups representing Western Africa, Southern Africa and Bioko Island populations that appear to be mostly isolated. Fixed differences in the mtDNA are present between all three clusters, and a Bayesian clustering analysis of the microsatellite data found no evidence for migration from mainland to Bioko Island populations, and little migration was evident between the Southern to the Western cluster. Surprisingly, mtDNA divergence between the three A. melas clusters is on par with levels of divergence between other species of the A. gambiae complex, and no support for monophyly was observed in a maximum‐likelihood phylogenetic analysis. Finally, an approximate Bayesian analysis of microsatellite data indicates that Bioko Island A. melas populations were connected to the mainland populations in the past, but became isolated, presumably when sea levels rose after the last glaciation period (≥10 000–11 000 bp). This study has exposed species‐level genetic divergence within A. melas and also has implications for control of this malaria vector.
Bibliography:ArticleID:MEC5724
istex:9FC9B65EC658754C90C53486DE5DA10729AF2708
Fig. S1 Results of structure harvester (Earl ), indicating likelihood [LnP(K)] scores of K populations (1-10).Fig. S2 Results of structure harvester (Earl ), indicating DeltaK values for K populations (1-9).Fig. S3 Results of the Bayesian assignment test for two putative populations (K = 2) based upon microsatellite DNA data implemented in the program structure (Pritchard et al. ).Fig. S4 Anopheles gambiae minimum spanning tree (Kruskal ; Prim ) constructed in the program Arlequin ver. 3.5.1.2 (Excoffier & Lischer ), and visualized using HapStar (Teacher & Griffiths ).Fig. S5 Anopheles gambiae complex minimum spanning tree (Kruskal ; Prim ) constructed in the program Arlequin ver. 3.5.1.2 (Excoffier & Lischer ), and visualized using HapStar (Teacher & Griffiths ).Fig. S6 Unrooted maximum likelihood tree of Anopheles gambiae complex member species including Central, West, and Bioko Island A. melas populations.Fig. S7 Posterior density plots for the timing of divergence events (generations before present) of a) Bioko Island from the western cluster and b) of the split between the western and southern clusters, as estimated by approximated Bayesian computation.Fig. S8 Posterior density plots of effective population size (Ne) estimates for the three main populations considered in ABC analysis - the Western and Southern population clusters and Bioko Island.Table S1 Anopheles gambiae Complex ND4-ND5 mtDNA sequences that represent five different species from the A. gambiae complex and were originally published by Besansky et al. ().Table S2 Description of individual scenarios: (Note: although coalescent simulations go backwards 47 in time and were coded as such, to simplify interpretation, they are described as if occurring forwards in time, as in reality).Table S3 Notations of parameters listed in Table S2 and prior ranges 60 and parameterization conditions used in simulations.
MAS
Marathon Oil Corporation
ark:/67375/WNG-7HS2QJ86-F
ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
content type line 23
ISSN:0962-1083
1365-294X
DOI:10.1111/j.1365-294X.2012.05724.x