Role of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1α in Gastric Cancer Cell Growth, Angiogenesis, and Vessel Maturation

• Published in: JNCI : Journal of the National Cancer Institute Vol. 96; no. 12; pp. 946 - 956
• Main Authors: Stoeltzing, Oliver, McCarty, Marya F., Wey, Jane S., Fan, Fan, Liu, Wenbiao, Belcheva, Anna, Bucana, Corazon D., Semenza, Gregg L., Ellis, Lee M.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Cary, NC Oxford University Press 16.06.2004
• Subjects: Biological and medical sciences; Gastroenterology. Liver. Pancreas. Abdomen; Medical sciences; Stomach. Duodenum. Small intestine. Colon. Rectum. Anus; Tumors; Human; Cell proliferation; Malignant tumor; Stomach cancer; Ripening; Angiogenesis; Cancerology; Hypoxia inducible factor; Blood vessel; Digestive diseases; Circulatory system; Neovascularization; Gastric disease
• ISSN: 0027-8874; 1460-2105
• DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djh168

Background: Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1), a heterodimer comprising the oxygen-regulated subunit, HIF-1α, and HIF-1β, mediates transcription of the gene for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Overexpression of HIF-1α is associated with tumor angiogenesis and tumor cell proliferation and invasion. We examined the effects of inhibiting HIF-1α activity on angiogenesis and human gastric cancer growth in vivo. Methods: Human gastric cancer TMK-1 cells were stably transfected with pHIF-1αDN, an expression plasmid encoding a dominant-negative form of HIF-1α that dimerizes with endogenous HIF-1β to produce HIF-1 complexes that cannot activate transcription, or with the empty expression vector (pCEP4). Two clones of pHIF-1αDN–transfected cells, DN2 and DN3, were tested in all experiments. We used an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to measure VEGF secretion by transfected cells cultured in hypoxic (1% O2) or nonhypoxic (20% O2) conditions. We used subcutaneous and orthotopic mouse tumor models to examine the growth of tumors derived from injected pHIF-1αDN–or pCEP4-transfected cells. Tumor cell proliferation, vessel area (a measure of functional vascular volume), and tumor endothelial cell association with pericyte-like cells (a measure of vessel maturation) were analyzed by immunohistochemical or immunofluorescent staining. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results: DN2 cells and DN3 cells secreted less VEGF than pCEP4-transfected TMK-1 cells when cultured in nonhypoxic or hypoxic conditions (e.g., DN2 versus pCEP4 in nonhypoxic conditions: 645 pg of VEGF/106 cells versus 1591 pg of VEGF/106 cells, difference = 946 pg of VEGF/106 cells [95% confidence interval {CI} = 640 to 1251 pg of VEGF/106 cells; P = .006]; DN2 versus pCEP4 in hypoxic conditions: 785 pg of VEGF/106 cells versus 2807 pg of VEGF/106 cells, difference = 2022 pg of VEGF/106 cells [95% CI = 1871 to 2152 pg of VEGF/106 cells; P<.001]). In the subcutaneous tumor model, tumors derived from DN2 or DN3 cells had lower final volumes, weights, and vessel areas, less tumor endothelial cell association with desmin-positive cells, and fewer proliferating tumor cells than tumors derived from pCEP4-transfected cells. In the orthotopic tumor model, tumors derived from DN2 cells had smaller volumes and less vessel area and maturation than tumors derived from pCEP4-transfected cells. Conclusions: Inhibition of HIF-1α activity impairs gastric tumor growth, angiogenesis, and vessel maturation.