Photo Darkening Suppression in Highly Yb-Doped Aluminophosphosilicate Fiber by Addition of Cerium

• Published in: 2019 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC) p. 1
• Main Authors: Sidharthan, R., Li, H., Lim, K. J., Lim, S. H., Seng, Y. M., Chua, S. L., Yoo, S.
• Format: Conference Proceeding
• Language: English
• Published: IEEE 01.06.2019
• Subjects: Absorption; Cerium; Fabrication; Indexes; Optical fiber dispersion; Optical fiber testing; Optical fibers
• DOI: 10.1109/CLEOE-EQEC.2019.8872294

Summary form only given. Photodarkening (PD) suppressed low numerical aperture (NA), high absorption, low loss, large mode area (LMA) fiber is an important requirement for high power fiber lasers, in both pulsed and continuous wave operation regimes. We have reported the fabrication of high absorption (~1200 dB/m core absorption) Yb doped aluminophosphosilicate fiber with raised Ge cladding to realize low NA step index fiber [1]. The presence of Aluminium (Al) and phosphorus (P) in the core helps in lowering the PD loss by a significant margin, but some PD loss is still observed. In this work we intend to further lower the PD loss by adding Cerium (Ce) to this equimolar P:Al core. Previous reports suggests that addition of Ce to Yb:Al core significantly reduce the PD loss when the ratio of Ce oxide to Yb oxide ratio is ~0.5-0.7 [2-4]. However, like Yb, Ce has a high molar refractivity, and all dopants (Yb, Ce and Al) push up the core NA. In our work, equimolar P:Al does not contribute to index of the core, and only the Ce and Yb raise the core NA. Furthermore, the reported raised Ge cladding technique can compensate the core NA to a desired level [1]. We here present three fibers with high Yb concentration of -0.5mol% and with equimolar Al and P composition, all fabricated by modified chemical vapor deposition and solution doping technique. Fiber #1 contains no Ce while Fiber #2 and Fiber #3 contain Ce with different Ce/Yb oxide ratio of -0.24 and -0.625, respectively. The index profiles of the three fibers are shown in Fig. 1(a). As expected, the core NA increases with Ce concentration. Compositional concentration profile in Fiber #3 measured by energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) is shown in Fig. 1(b). P 2 O 5 , Al 2 O 3 , Yb 2 O 3 and CeO 2 were found to be around 5 mol%, 4.6 mol%, 0.48 mol% and 0.3 mol% respectively, in the core. Hence the Ce/ Yb oxide ratio was observed to be -0.625, which according to the reported works is supposed to yield quite good PD suppression while creating no additional thermal issues. All the fibers have similar Yb, Al and P contents with only difference in the Ce concentration. Fiber#2 contains -0.12mol% of Ce203. The background losses in the fibers were found to be <;25dB/Km after a cut-back method measurement. This is considered low for fi bers with such high Yb concentration.