Optical waveguides formed in Nd:YVO4 crystals by C2+ implantation

• Published in: Journal of modern optics Vol. 53; no. 4; pp. 539 - 545
• Main Authors: Sánchez-Morales, M. E., Vázquez, G. V., Márquez, H., Rickards, J., Trejo-Luna, R.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London Taylor & Francis Group 10.03.2006; Taylor & Francis
• Subjects: Applied sciences; Circuit properties; Electric, optical and optoelectronic circuits; Electronics; Exact sciences and technology; Integrated optics. Optical fibers and wave guides; Optical and optoelectronic circuits; Ternary compound; Integrated optics; Carbon ion; Ion implantation; Refraction index; Ion beam; Doped materials; Yttrium Vanadates; Experimental study; Absorption spectrum; Optical losses; Manufacturing process; Channel waveguide; Optical planar waveguides; Neodymium addition; Optical material; Optical waveguide
• ISSN: 0950-0340; 1362-3044
• DOI: 10.1080/09500340500428772

This work reports the formation of planar and channel waveguides in Nd:YVO 4 by carbon implantation, using doses as low as 5 × 10 14  ions/cm 2 . The analysis includes refractive index profiles, propagation losses and spectroscopic properties. The results indicate that there is an index convergence, the ordinary index increases while the extraordinary index decreases. The spectroscopic studies show that emission bands coming from the 4 F 3/2 level are not altered by the ion beam process, shedding light on the potential of carbon implanted waveguides for laser integrated devices.