Examining the relationship between tourism and CO2 emissions: evidence from APEC region

The paper investigates the relationship between tourism, energy consumption, trade openness, economic growth, and CO 2 emissions for 20 economies of the APEC region from 1995 to 2017. This paper employs cross-sectional dependence with heterogeneous panel estimation techniques. The data confirms cros...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inAnatolia : an international journal of tourism and hospitality research Vol. 34; no. 3; pp. 306 - 320
Main Authors Ravinthirakumaran, Kalaichelvi, Ravinthirakumaran, Navaratnam
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Routledge 03.07.2023
Subjects
APEC region
economic growth
emissions
Energy consumption
trade openness
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Summary:The paper investigates the relationship between tourism, energy consumption, trade openness, economic growth, and CO 2 emissions for 20 economies of the APEC region from 1995 to 2017. This paper employs cross-sectional dependence with heterogeneous panel estimation techniques. The data confirms cross-sectional dependence, and the CIPS panel unit root test shows that the variables are stationary at their first differences. The Westerlund panel cointegration test affirms a long-run relationship among the variables. Tourism and trade openness have significant positive effects on CO 2 emissions while economic growth and energy consumption adversely affect CO 2 emissions in the long-run. The panel non-causality test reveals that there is a one-way causality running from tourism to CO 2 emissions and economic growth to CO 2 emissions.
ISSN:1303-2917
2156-6909
DOI:10.1080/13032917.2021.2021430