Pesticide Bioremediation An Approach for Environmental Cleanup Using Microbial Consortia

• Published in: Strategies for Bioremediation of Organic and Inorganic Pollutants pp. 108 - 130
• Main Authors: Raimondo, Enzo E., Saez, Juliana M., Briceño, Gabriela E., Fuentes, María S., Benimeli, Claudia S.
• Format: Book Chapter
• Language: English
• Published: United Kingdom CRC Press 2018; Taylor & Francis Group
• Edition: 1
• Subjects: Uninoculated Controls; Bacterial Consortium; Soil Microcosms; DDD; Kefir Grain; Technical Chlordane; Microbial Consortia; Bacterial Co-culture; Removal Percentages; Pesticide Removal; Slurry Systems; Bioremediation Process; Initial Pesticide Concentration; Anaerobic Mixed Culture; OPs Mixture; Organochlorine Pesticide Residues; Technical Grade HCH; Abiotic Controls; OPs; Mixed Cultures; Santiago Del Estero; Abiotic Removal; Testicular Germ Cell Tumors; LIN Removal; Bioremediation Study
• ISBN: 9781138626379; 1138626376
• DOI: 10.1201/b22045-7

For many years, organochlorine pesticides were used to combat agricultural pests and disease vectors. However, their inappropriate use has produced different forms of environmental pollution that affect soil, water, and air, presenting a risk to health and the environment due to its toxicity, bioaccumulation, volatility, and persistence. Effective methods based on the use of microorganisms, such as natural attenuation, cell immobilization, production of biosurfactants, and bioaugmentation have been developed for the removal of chlorinated pesticides. Among the microorganisms used in bioremediation processes, actinobacteria have been highlighted because they have the ability to remove organic and inorganic pollutants. On the other hand, several researchers demonstrated that the bioaugmentation of soils with a microbial defined consortium or a native consortium increases the necessary catabolic paths for pollutant elimination, accelerating the degradation of xenobiotic compounds. This chapter compiles works focused on the use of defined and native microbial consortia consisting of bacteria, fungi or mixtures of both, in a free or immobilized way, for the bioremediation of different organochlorine pesticides from diverse systems. In addition, the simultaneous removal of lindane, chlordane, and methoxychlor from different matrices by employing a native Streptomyces consortium is also discussed. This chapter focuses on the use of defined and native microbial consortia consisting of bacteria, fungi or mixtures of both, in a free or immobilized way, for the bioremediation of different organochlorine pesticides from diverse systems. It considers bioremediation of Organochlorine pesticides mixtures in liquid medium, soil and slurry systems. Bioremediation consists in the use of the physiological potential of microorganisms and plants to eliminate environmental contaminants from the sites where these compounds have been thrown. Environmental biotechnology refers to the application of biotechnology for the resolution of natural, agricultural and anthropic environmental problems and to achieve the conservation of environmental quality, taking advantage of properly qualified living organisms and genetic engineering for improving efficiency and cost of processes. Meanwhile, economic and eco-friendly methods that have no impact on the environment are being developed, and biotechnology provides certain tools or mechanisms to remedy contaminated sites.