Orange Wastes and By-Products Chemistry, Processing, and Utilization

• Published in: Handbook of Fruit Wastes and By-Products Vol. 1; pp. 87 - 98
• Main Authors: Suthar, Priyanka, Kehinde, Bababode Adesegun, Rafiq, Shafiya, Ansari, Nazmin, Singh, Barinderjit, Kumar, Harish
• Format: Book Chapter
• Language: English
• Published: United Kingdom CRC Press 2023; Taylor & Francis Group
• Edition: 1
• Subjects: Peel Oil; polyphenols; wastes; Self-nano Emulsifying Drug Delivery System; antioxidants; UV Protective Property; Direct Red; Orange Peel Powder; Supercritical Fluid; SFE; Orange Peel; Super-critical Fluid Extraction; Super-critical Fluid; Orange Peel Waste; Pomegranate Peel Powder; Dietary Fibre; Jackfruit Seed; Blood Oranges; Solid State Fermentation; Orange Peel Extract; Sweet Orange; Peel Powder; Peel Ranges; bioactive compounds; Pectinase Enzyme; Essential Oil; fortification; Moisture Content
• ISBN: 9780367758950; 9780367724740; 036772474X; 0367758954
• DOI: 10.1201/9781003164463-6

Due to its characteristics like non-climacteric fruits and evergreen habit, oranges are grown and consumed worldwide. Sweet oranges, sour oranges and blood oranges are some of the major types of orange. Different parts of the fruit contain different valuable compounds, which exhibit different bioactivities. One-half of the total fresh fruit weight is converted into wastes and by-products in the orange processing industries. The wastes and by-products generated are used to produce various valuable compounds like essential oils, pectin, dietary supplements, flavors, additives and ethanol, and are used as foodsupplements. Various techniques have been used to extract these valuable compounds. Recently, most of the studies on the extraction process moved toward green extraction techniques like pressurized liquid extraction, pulsed electric field extraction and supercritical fluid extraction. Oranges exhibit bioactivities such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, cytotoxic and anti-obesity properties due to the presence of phytochemicals, such as phenolics, flavonoids, alkaloids, anthocyanins, ascorbic acid, etc. The wastes and by-products of orange are used by pharmaceutical, food, cosmetic and fragrance industries in the manufacture of shampoos, perfumes, antiperspirants, room air fresheners, vitamin supplements, deodorants, absorbent, etc.