Investigation of the structural and microstructural properties of Gd3+-modified BaTiO3 ceramics

Structural and microstructural properties of lead-free BaBa 1− x Gd x TiO 3 ceramics are investigated. The results confirm the formation of the ferroelectric phase, for all the cases, revealing a decrease in the unit-cell volume (V) with the increase of the gadolinium concentration, which can be ass...

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Published inFerroelectrics Vol. 545; no. 1; pp. 47 - 54
Main Authors Oliveira, M. A., Silva, M. C. O., M'peko, J. C., Hernandes, A. C., Mendez-González, Y., Guerra, J. D. S.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Philadelphia Taylor & Francis 11.06.2019
Taylor & Francis Ltd
Subjects
Barium titanate
Barium titanates
Ceramics
Ferroelectric materials
Ferroelectricity
Gadolinium
Grain size
Lead free
Pechini's method
Rare earth elements
structural properties
Unit cell
X-ray diffraction
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Summary:Structural and microstructural properties of lead-free BaBa 1− x Gd x TiO 3 ceramics are investigated. The results confirm the formation of the ferroelectric phase, for all the cases, revealing a decrease in the unit-cell volume (V) with the increase of the gadolinium concentration, which can be associated to the difference between the ionic-radii of the involved ions (Gd 3+ and Ba 2+ ). A decrease in the average grain-size, with the increase of the Gd 3+ content, was associated to the pinning effect (typical of rare-earths) due to the contribution of minor additional phase, which is not easily detectable by X-ray diffraction technique at very low dopant concentrations.
ISSN:0015-0193
1563-5112
DOI:10.1080/00150193.2019.1621710