Callus Induction

• Published in: Plant Biotechnology Vol. 1; pp. 143 - 159
• Main Authors: Ranjan, Tushar, Prasad, Bishun Deo, Kumari, Sunita, Nirala, Ram Balak Prasad, Kumar, Ravi Ranjan, Jha, Vijay Kumar, Sharma, Vaishali, Shamim, Md, Kumar, Anand
• Format: Book Chapter
• Language: English
• Published: CRC Press 2018
• Edition: 1
• Subjects: plant growth regulators; Laminar Flow Hood; regeneration; Somatic Embryogenesis; dedifferentiation; Somatic Embryos; Liquid Broth Medium; Virus Free Planting Material; Medicago Truncatula; Basal Salt Mixtures; Callus Induction; Suspension Cultures; Nutrient Medium; 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D); Fundamental Research; Auxin Ratio; Surface Sterilization; Inorganic Salt Medium; Tissue Culture; Callus Culture; Plant Cells; Mercuric Chloride Solution; Undifferentiated Callus; Plant Callus; Plant Tissue Culture; Callus Cells; Serial Subcultures; Rice Calli
• ISBN: 9781771885805; 1771885807
• DOI: 10.1201/9781315213743-7

Tissue culture is an important biotechnological tool applied for crop improvement, where in vitro aseptic culture of cells, tissues, organs, or whole plant takes place under controlled nutritional and environmental conditions to generate the clones of particular plants. The controlled conditions could be nutrients, pH, temperature, and proper gaseous and liquid environment which provide conductive environment for their growth and multiplication. It can be used in fundamental research to study cell division, plant growth, plant propagation, elimination of plant diseases, plant improvement, and production of secondary metabolites as well. The key to the successful use of tissue culture is the manipulation of medium compositions to achieve desired outcomes. The most common application of tissue culture is micropropagation, which usually involves growing of plants in vitro (agar-solidified nutrient medium). Micropropagation facilitates production of virus-free planting material and propagation of plant species from undifferentiated callus. Micropropagation technology has a vast potential to produce plants of better quality, isolation and characterization of new useful variants in well-adapted high yielding genotypes with better disease resistance, and stress tolerance capacities. Callus induction propagates on the nutrient medium consisting of agar and a mixture of micro- and macronutrients for the particular cell type. The basal medium is formulated to provide essential nutrients required for the growth and development of explants or subculture. Both steps, surface sterilization and inoculation, are carried out in the laminar flow hood to avoid the risk of contamination. The callus culture can be continuously maintained by serial subcultures. Regeneration of a complete plantlet that has some genetically transformed cells and untransformed cells are called a chimera. The controlled conditions could be nutrients, pH, temperature, and proper gaseous and liquid environment which provide conductive environment for their growth and multiplication. Suspension culture is a type of culture in which small aggregates or may be single cell multiply while suspended in agitated liquid medium. Generally, microorganisms outgrow the plant tissues, leading to the death of plant cells.