Chloroplast Transformation

31Chloroplasts are subcellular organelles (plastids) of plant cells generally considered to be derived from the prokaryotes, that is, probably from endosymbiotic cyanobacterium that was taken up by eukaryotic cells in symbiotic associations very early during the course of evolution. Chloroplasts hav...

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Published inPlant Biotechnology Vol. 2; pp. 29 - 46
Main Authors Ranjan, Tushar, Sahni, Sangita, Kumar, Vinod, Kumar, Pankaj, Nimmy, M. S., Jha, Vijay Kumar, Vaishali, Sharma, Prasant, Kumar, Prasad, Bishun Deo
Format Book Chapter
LanguageEnglish
Published CRC Press 2018
Edition1
Subjects
Plastid DNA
Chloroplast Genome
Homologous Recombination
Peg Treatment
16S Ribosomal DNA
Herbicide Resistance
Texmex Tobacco
RNA Polymerase
HPPD
Plastid Transformation
Block Protein Synthesis
Transgene DNA
Selectable Markers
Plastid Gene
Host Genome DNA
Transplastomic Plants
Nicotiana Plumbaginifolia
Chloroplast Genes
Plant Biotechnology
Nuclear Genome
Plastid Genome
Chloroplast Transformation
RUBISCO
Nuclear DNA
Naked DNA
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Summary:31Chloroplasts are subcellular organelles (plastids) of plant cells generally considered to be derived from the prokaryotes, that is, probably from endosymbiotic cyanobacterium that was taken up by eukaryotic cells in symbiotic associations very early during the course of evolution. Chloroplasts have their own genome, and it resembles that of bacteria not that of the nuclear genome. There are no histones associated with the DNA. Chloroplasts have their own protein-synthesizing machinery, and it more closely resembles that of bacteria than that found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotes. Till date, genetic engineering has been experienced mostly in the nuclear genome. However, inserting transgene(s) into the nuclear genome has led to an increasing public concern of the possibility of escape of the transgene through pollen to wild or weedy relatives of the transgenic crops. Scientists suggested that since plastids are compared with prokaryotes, they can take up DNA as in bacterial transformation using naked DNA. Therefore, during the past few years, researchers have begun to evaluate application of plastid transformation in plant biotechnology as a viable alternative to conventional technologies for transformation of the nuclear DNA.
ISBN:1771885815
9781771885812
DOI:10.1201/9781315213736-2