Cyclodextrins in Drug Delivery

• Published in: Nanotechnology and Drug Delivery Vol. 1; pp. 178 - 209
• Main Authors: Erdoğar, Nazlı, Bilensoy, Erem
• Format: Book Chapter
• Language: English
• Published: United Kingdom CRC Press 2015; Taylor & Francis Group
• Edition: 1
• Subjects: MEDICINE: GENERAL ISSUES; Nanotechnology; Pharmaceutical technology; PLGA NPs; Drug Release; Ty Pe; Xa Ne; Drug Delivery; Au NPs; PLA NPs; Drug Loading; Drug Release Kinetics; Po Ly; CS NPs; Fu Si; Diffusion Coeffi Cient; Si Te; Pa Tt; Ta Ge; Pe Pp
• ISBN: 9781466599475; 1466599472
• DOI: 10.1201/b17271-5

Cyclodextrins have been widely applied to the pharmaceutical field due to their ability to include hydrophobic molecules in their cavity and to mask certain physicochemical characteristics of the included molecule, such as, low water solubility, stability problems, unwanted side effects, taste, odor, irritation and incompatibility of drugs and excipients. Currently, a large number of cyclodextrin derivatives are produced industrially and used in many fields, such as, drug delivery, cosmetics, food, textile and agricultural industries. Cyclodextrins were first discovered in 1891 by Villiers. They are produced by an intramolecular trans-glycosylation reaction from the degradation of starch by the Cyclodextrin Glucosyltransferase (CGTase) enzyme. The molecular structure and shape render the unique ability to entrap guest molecules in their cavity as a molecular reservoir. Given the continuous finding of novel applications in drug delivery, it is expected that cyclodextrins will solve many problems associated with the delivery of active molecules through different delivery routes. This chapter will deal with the general overview concerning the properties, toxicity and different application routes of cyclodextrins and their derivatives in the design of advanced drug delivery systems, i.e., liposomes, microspheres, microcapsules and nanoparticles. In addition to their well-known effects on drug solubility and dissolution, bioavailability, safety and stability, their use as excipients in drug formulation will be also discussed. Various administration routes influencing the toxicity profiles, and on amphiphilic cyclodextrins as new excipients in drug delivery are also focused.