Acute and chronic cadmium poisoning

Cadmium is a metallic impurity in various minerals. The two main cadmium exposure sources in general population are food and tobacco smoking. Its industrial exploitation has grown in the early twentieth century. Cadmium is used in accumulators or alkaline batteries (80%) and in pigments for paints o...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inLa revue de medecine interne Vol. 31; no. 2; pp. 107 - 15
Main Authors Andujar, P, Bensefa-Colas, L, Descatha, A
Format Journal Article
LanguageFrench
Published France Elsevier 01.02.2010
Subjects
Acute Disease
Administration, Inhalation
Biochemistry, Molecular Biology
Bronchi - drug effects
Bronchi - pathology
Cadmium - metabolism
Cadmium - toxicity
Cadmium Poisoning - epidemiology
Cadmium Poisoning - etiology
Chronic Disease
Foodborne Diseases
Half-Life
Humans
Intestinal Absorption
Kidney - metabolism
Kidney - pathology
Life Sciences
Liver - metabolism
Liver - pathology
Pulmonary Alveoli - drug effects
Pulmonary Alveoli - pathology
Smoking - adverse effects
Trachea - drug effects
Trachea - pathology
osteomalacia
cadmium
nephropathy
poisoning
pneumonia
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Summary:Cadmium is a metallic impurity in various minerals. The two main cadmium exposure sources in general population are food and tobacco smoking. Its industrial exploitation has grown in the early twentieth century. Cadmium is used in accumulators or alkaline batteries (80%) and in pigments for paints or plastics (10%), in electrolytic process by deposit or by cadmium plating on metals or to reduce melting points (welding rods...). Cadmium is a cumulative toxic substance whose half-time for elimination is about 20 to 40 years and it is mainly stored in the liver and kidneys. Inhalation of cadmium oxide fumes may cause inhalation fevers or chemical pneumonitis. Cadmium chronic poisoning causes mainly renal tubulopathy and could be the cause of osteomalacia and diffuse osteoporosis. Cadmium is classified as certain carcinogen agent for humans by International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). The most relevant biological index exposure is the urinary cadmium. According to literature, no chelating agent can be still used in human cadmium poisonings. In France, some diseases caused by occupational exposure to cadmium may be compensated.
ISSN:0248-8663
1768-3122
DOI:10.1016/j.revmed.2009.02.029