Linking IS. aureus/I Immune Evasion Mechanisms to Staphylococcal Vaccine Failures

Vaccination arguably remains the only long-term strategy to limit the spread of S. aureus infections and its related antibiotic resistance. To date, however, all staphylococcal vaccines tested in clinical trials have failed. In this review, we propose that the failure of S. aureus vaccines is intric...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inAntibiotics (Basel) Vol. 13; no. 5
Main Authors Hajam, Irshad Ahmed, Liu, George Y
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published MDPI AG 01.05.2024
Subjects
Antibiotics
BCG
BCG vaccines
Contamination
Drug resistance in microorganisms
Health aspects
Infection
Skin
Staphylococcus aureus
Vaccines
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Summary:Vaccination arguably remains the only long-term strategy to limit the spread of S. aureus infections and its related antibiotic resistance. To date, however, all staphylococcal vaccines tested in clinical trials have failed. In this review, we propose that the failure of S. aureus vaccines is intricately linked to prior host exposure to S. aureus and the pathogen’s capacity to evade adaptive immune defenses. We suggest that non-protective immune imprints created by previous exposure to S. aureus are preferentially recalled by SA vaccines, and IL-10 induced by S. aureus plays a unique role in shaping these non-protective anti-staphylococcal immune responses. We discuss how S. aureus modifies the host immune landscape, which thereby necessitates alternative approaches to develop successful staphylococcal vaccines.
ISSN:2079-6382
2079-6382
DOI:10.3390/antibiotics13050410