The role of microbiotes in the etiology of inflammatory intestinal diseases/O PAPEL DA MICROBIOTA NA ETIOLOGIA DAS DOENCAS INFLAMATORIAS INTESTINAIS

Inflammatory bowel disease is a chronic inflammatory process, with etiology not yet well established, of multifactorial nature, represented mainly by two phenotypes, ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). About pathogenesis, it is believed that direct and indirect homeostasis between...

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Published inRevista brasileira de obesidade, nutrição e emagrecimento Vol. 14; no. 86; p. 498
Main Authors Cavalcante, Regina Marcia Soares, Lima, Murilo Moura, Parente, Jose Miguel Luz, Nogueira, Nadir do Nascimento
Format Journal Article
LanguagePortuguese
Published Instituto Brasileiro de Pesquisa e Ensino em Fisiologia do Exercicio. IBPEFEX 01.05.2020
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Summary:Inflammatory bowel disease is a chronic inflammatory process, with etiology not yet well established, of multifactorial nature, represented mainly by two phenotypes, ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). About pathogenesis, it is believed that direct and indirect homeostasis between microbiota, intestinal epithelium and immune cells is disrupted by genetic and environmental factors such as antibiotic use, smoking, diets and stress, resulting in a poor state. chronic unregulated inflammation. Recent scientific evidence has shown that the human gut microbiota can produce antigenic factors that trigger persistent inflammation of the intestinal mucosa as observed in CD and UC. In the last two decades, with the advent of new "omic" technologies, there has been an expansion of possibilities to analyze in large proportion the genetic and metabolic profile of the intestinal microbial population, which is numerically the most representative in the human body. Thus, there was an exponential expansion of the understanding of the composition as well as the functions performed by the gut microbiome, which enabled the discovery of new horizons regarding mechanisms of action triggering the inflammatory processes of many chronic diseases with inflammatory bowel diseases, allowing the formulation and implementation of new therapeutic interventions. Key words: Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Microbiota. Disbiosys. A doenca inflamatoria intestinal e um processo inflamatorio cronico, com etiologia ainda nao bem estabelecida, de natureza multifatorial, representada principalmente por dois fenotipos, a retocolite ulcerativa (RCU) e doenca de Crohn (DC). No que se refere a patogenese, acredita-se que a homeostase direta e indireta entre microbiota, epitelio intestinal e celulas imunologicas e interrompida por fatores geneticos e ambientais, como o uso de antibioticos, pratica do tabagismo, dietas e estresse, resultando em um estado cronico de inflamacao desregulada. Evidencias cientificas recentes demonstraram que a microbiota do intestino humano e capaz de produzir fatores antigenicos que desencadeiam a inflamacao persistente da mucosa intestinal como observada na DC e RCU. Nas ultimas duas decadas, com o advento das novas tecnologias "omicas", houve uma expansao nas possibilidades para analisar em grande proporcao o perfil genetico e metabolico da populacao microbiana intestinal, que e numericamente a mais representativa no corpo humano. Dessa maneira, aconteceu uma ampliacao exponencial do entendimento da composicao bem como das funcoes desempenhadas pelo microbioma do intestino, o que oportunizou a descoberta de novos horizontes quanto a mecanismos de acao desencadeadores dos processos inflamatorios de muitas doencas cronicas com as doencas inflamatorias intestinais, permitindo a formulacao e implementacao de novas intervencoes terapeuticas. Palavras-chave: Doenca Inflamatoria Intestinal. Microbiota. Disbiose.
ISSN:1981-9919
1981-9919