ICandida dubliniensis/I in Japanese Oral Microbiota: A Cross-Sectional Study of Six Geographic Regions in Japan

Introduction: Candida dubliniensis was reclassified from the C. albicans genotype D, and reports show its frequent detection in HIV-positive individuals and easy acquisition of antifungal drug resistance. However, the oral carriage rate in healthy people and contribution to candidiasis in Japan is u...

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Published inMicroorganisms (Basel) Vol. 12; no. 3
Main Authors Ohshima, Tomoko, Mukai, Yoko, Watanabe, Hitoshi, Ohshima, Keijiro, Makimura, Koichi, Komabayashi, Takashi, Ahn, Chul, Meyer, Karen, Maeda, Nobuko
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published MDPI AG 01.03.2024
Subjects
Candida
Candidiasis
Causes of
Distribution
Genetic aspects
Identification and classification
Microbiological research
Microbiology
Microbiota (Symbiotic organisms)
Mouth
Risk factors
Japan
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ISSN2076-2607
2076-2607
DOI10.3390/microorganisms12030525

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Summary:Introduction: Candida dubliniensis was reclassified from the C. albicans genotype D, and reports show its frequent detection in HIV-positive individuals and easy acquisition of antifungal drug resistance. However, the oral carriage rate in healthy people and contribution to candidiasis in Japan is unclear. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey of the C. dubliniensis carriage rate, performed genotyping and tested antifungal drug susceptibility and protease productivity. Specimens from 2432 Japanese subjects in six regions (1902 healthy individuals, 423 with candidiasis individuals, 107 HIV-positive individuals) were cultured using CHROMagar[sup.TM] Candida, and the species was confirmed via 25S rDNA amplification and ITS sequences analyzed for genotyping. Results: The C. dubliniensis carriage rate in healthy Japanese was low in the central mainland (0–15%) but high in the most northerly and southerly areas (30–40%). The distribution of these frequencies did not differ depending on age or disease (HIV-infection, candidiasis). Genotype I, previously identified in other countries, was most frequent in Japan, but novel genotypes were also observed. Six antifungal drugs showed higher susceptibility against C. albicans, but protease productivity was low. Conclusions: Oral C. dubliniensis has low pathogenicity with distribution properties attributed to geography and not dependent on age or disease status.
ISSN:2076-2607
2076-2607
DOI:10.3390/microorganisms12030525