Recovering Osteoblast Functionality on Ti[O.sub.2] Nanotube Surfaces Under Diabetic Conditions

• Published in: International journal of nanomedicine Vol. 17; p. 5469
• Main Authors: Valdez-Salas, Benjamin, Castillo-Uribe, Sandra, Beltran-Pa, Curiel-Alvarez, Mario, Perez-Landeros, Oscar, Guerra-Balcazar, Minerva, Cheng, Nelson, Gonzalez-Mendoza, Daniel, Flores-Penaloza, Olivia
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Dove Medical Press Limited 30.11.2022
• Subjects: Alloys; Analysis; Biological products; Care and treatment; Diabetes; Diabetics; Evaluation; Nanotubes; Mexico
• ISSN: 1178-2013; 1178-2013
• DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S387386

Introduction: Titanium (Ti) and its alloys (eg, [Ti.sub.6][Al.sub.4]V) are exceptional treatments for replacing or repairing bones and damaged surrounding tissues. Although Ti-based implants exhibit excellent osteoconductive performance under healthy conditions, the effectiveness and successful clinical achievements are negatively altered in diabetic patients. Concernedly, diabetes mellitus (DM) contributes to osteoblastic dysfunctionality, altering efficient osseointegration. This work investigates the beneficial osteogenic activity conducted by nanostructured Ti[O.sub.2] under detrimental microenvironment conditions, simulated by human diabetic serum. Methods: We evaluated the bone-forming functional properties of osteoblasts on synthesized Ti[O.sub.2] nanotubes (NTs) by anodization and [Ti.sub.6][Al.sub.4]V non-modified alloy surfaces under detrimental diabetic conditions. To simulate the detrimental environment, MC3T3E-1 preosteoblasts were cultured under human diabetic serum (DS) of two diagnosed and metabolically controlled patients. Normal human serum (HS) was used to mimic health conditions and fetal bovine serum (FBS) as the control culture environment. We characterized the matrix mineralization under the detrimental conditions on the control alloy and the NTs. Moreover, we applied immunofluorescence of osteoblasts differentiation markers on the NTs to understand the bone-expression stimulated by the biochemical medium conditions. Results: The diabetic conditions depressed the initial osteoblast growth ability, as evidenced by altered early cell adhesion and reduced proliferation. Nonetheless, after three days, the diabetic damage was suppressed by the NTs, enhancing the osteoblast activity. Therefore, the osteogenic markers of bone formation and the differentiation of osteoblasts were reactivated by the nanoconfigured surfaces. Far more importantly, collagen secretion and bone-matrix mineralization were stimulated and conducted to levels similar to those of the control of FBS conditions, in comparison to the control alloy, which was not able to reach similar levels of bone functionality than the NTs. Conclusion: Our study brings knowledge for the potential application of nanostructured biomaterials to work as an integrative platform under the detrimental metabolic status present in diabetic conditions. Keywords: osteoblast regeneration, bone surface interactions, cellular nanomodulation