MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF GENETIC POLYMORPHISMS RELATED TO OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES/MESLEK HASTALIKLARIYLA ILISKILI GENETIK POLIMORFIZMLERIN MOLEKULER MEKANIZMALARI

Occupational diseases are transient or permanent and completely preventable diseases that occur due to many factors (feeding habits, genetic variations, obesity etc) that develop depending on the personal characteristics of the employees who encounter physical, chemical, biological and psychological...

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Published inİstanbul Tıp Fakültesi dergisi = Journal of the Istanbul Faculty of Medicine Vol. 85; no. 4; p. 152
Main Authors Oztan, Gozde, Issever, Halim
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Istanbul University Press 01.12.2022
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Summary:Occupational diseases are transient or permanent and completely preventable diseases that occur due to many factors (feeding habits, genetic variations, obesity etc) that develop depending on the personal characteristics of the employees who encounter physical, chemical, biological and psychological factors at work. Some of the genetic polymorphisms may increase the risk of disease while others may reduce it. The aim of this review is to investigate the possible benefits of susceptibility screening for diseases by identifying genes and polymorphisms, using genetic polymorphism profiles related to occupational disease susceptibility, and developing individual treatment options appropriate to the genotype of the patients. Genetic polymorphisms that determine susceptibility to environmental risks can contribute greatly to the identification of occupational diseases by identifying specific risks in the workplace. It is evident that the risk of intense and prolonged contact with sensitizing agents will increase in genetically susceptible individuals. Studies investigating genetic susceptibilities in the workplace determine the etiology of the disease, environmentally sensitive genes and identify sensitive subpopulations; providing beneficial data for determining occupational exposure limits considering genetic sensitivity. The value of large-scale genetic screenings in work environments remains limited due to ethical and social concerns. Therefore, large-scale genetic screening in workplaces is not currently recommended. Keywords: Genetic polymorphism, occupational diseases, noise-induced hearing loss, lead poisoning, pneumoconiosis Meslek hastaliklari, is yerinde fiziksel, kimyasal, biyolojik ve psikolojik etkenlerle karsilasan calisanin kisisel ozelliklerine bagli olarak gelisen gecici veya surekli hastaliklardir. Tamamen onlenebilir hastaliklardan olan meslek hastaliklari, beslenme aliskanligi, genetik varyasyonlar, sigara ve alkol kullanimi, obezite gibi bir cok faktore bagli olarak ortaya cikmaktadir. Meslek hastaliklara karsi duyarlilikta populasyondaki kisisel farkliliklarin belirlenmesini saglayan hastaliga yatkinlik nedeni olan genetik polimorfizmlerin bir kismi hastalik riskini arttirirken, bir kismi da azaltabilmektedir. Bu derlemenin amaci; meslek hastaliklarina yatkinlikla ilgili genetik polimorfizm profilleri kullanilarak genlerin ve polimorfizmlerin belirlenmesiyle hastaliklara yatkinlik taramasi yapilmasinin ve hastalarin genotipine uygun bireysel tedavi seceneklerinin gelistirilmesinin olasi yararlarini arastirmaktir. Genel populasyondaki yuksek prevalanslari nedeniyle, cevresel risklere duyarliligi belirleyen genetik polimorfizmler, isyerinde ortaya cikan spesifik risklerin belirlenmesiyle mesleki hastaliklarin tespitine buyuk katki saglayabilirler. Korunma onlemleri yeterince alinmayan is yerlerinde, genetik olarak yatkinlik tasiyan kisilerde, duyarlilastirici ozellik tasiyan etkenlerle yogun ve uzun sureli temasta riskin artacagi aciktir. Isyerinde genetik duyarliliklari arastiran calismalar, hastaligin etiyolojisinin, ozellikle de cevreye duyarli genlerin belirlenmesini; maruz kalma acisindan hassas alt populasyonlarin tanimlanmasini; genetik duyarliligi goz onunde bulundurarak mesleki maruz kalma sinirlarinin belirlenmesinde faydali veriler saglamaktadir. Genetik duyarlilik polimorfizmlerinin hastalik riskini belirlemede acik bir rolu olsa bile, calisma ortamlarindaki genis olcekli genetik taramanin degeri, etik ve sosyal kaygilar nedeniyle sinirli kalmaktadir. Bu nedenle, isyerlerinde buyuk olcekli genetik tarama yapilmasi su anda onerilmemektedir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Genetik polimorfizm, meslek hastaliklari, gurultuye bagli isitme kaybi, kursun zehirlenmesi, pnomokonyoz
ISSN:1305-6433
DOI:10.26650/IUITFD.2019.0047