Comparative In Vitro Assessment of the Methanol Extracts of the Leaf, Stem, and Root Barks of Cnidoscolus aconitifolius on Lung and Breast Cancer Cell Lines/Cnidoscolus aconitifolius'un Yaprak, Govde ve Kok Kabuklarinin Metanol Ekstrelerinin Akciger ve Meme Kanseri Hucre Hatlarinda Karsilastirmali In Vitro Degerlendirilmesi

• Published in: Turkish Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol. 16; no. 4; p. 375
• Main Authors: Ikpefan, Emmanuel Oise, Ayinde, Buniyamin Adesina, Mudassir, Azhar, Farooq, Ahsana Dar
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Galenos Yayinevi Tic. Ltd 01.12.2019
• Subjects: Breast cancer; Cancer cells; Cancer treatment; Cardiotonic agents; Care and treatment; Comparative analysis; Herbal medicine; Medicinal plants; Memes; Methanol; Saponins; Terpenes; Tumors; Nigeria
• ISSN: 1304-530X
• DOI: 10.4274/tjps.galenos.2018.19942

Objectives: Cnidoscolus aconitifolius Mill. I.M.Johnst. is a medicinal plant widely used in ethnomedicine for the treatment of cancer and other diseases. Materials and Methods: The effects of methanol extracts of the leaf, stem, and root barks were evaluated on breast (MCF-7) and lung (NCI-H460) cancer cells at 1-250 [micro]g/mL using the SRB assay and the extracts were screened for phytochemicals using the standard method. Results: The stem and root extracts showed no activity at the maximum concentration, while the leaf extract at 100 [micro]g/mL showed remarkable cell growth inhibition against breast (-14.50[+ or -]0.58) and lung cancer (+53.29[+ or -]4.57) in vitro. The extracts showed the presence of saponins, terpenes, cardiac glycosides, and phenolic compounds. Partitioning of the active leaf extract further enhanced its activity as the chloroform fraction exhibited G[I.sub.50], L[C.sub.50], and total growth inhibition (TGI) of 22.5, 68.75, and 43.75 [micro]g/mL against breast cancer, respectively, and G[I.sub.50] and TGI of 35.4 and 55.8 [micro]g/mL against lung cancer cells, respectively. However, the aqueous fraction showed no cytotoxicity against either cell line. Conclusion: These results justified the ethnomedicinal uses of the plant against tumor-related ailments. Isolation of the constituents responsible for the observed activity needs to be carried out to further support this claim. Key words: Cytotoxicity, Cnidoscolus aconitifolius, growth inhibition, MCF-7, NCI-H460, cancer cells Amac: Cnidoscolus aconitifolius Mill. I.M.Johnst. kanser ve diger hastaliklarin tedavisinde yaygin olarak kullanilan tibbi bir bitkidir. Gerec ve Yontemler: Yaprak, kok ve kok kabuklarinin metanol ekstrelerinin etkileri, SRB yontemi kullanilarak 1-250 [micro]g/mL konsantrasyonda meme (MCF-7) ve akciger (NCI-H460) kanser hucreleri uzerinde degerlendirilmis ve ekstrelerin fitokimyasal icerigi standart yontem kullanilarak taranmistir. Bulgular: Govde ve kok ekstreleri maksimum konsantrasyonda aktivite gostermezken, yaprak ekstresi 100 [micro]g/mL dozda meme (-14,50[+ or -]0,58) ve akciger kanserine (+53,29[+ or -]4,57) karsi belirgin in vitro hucre buyumesi inhibisyonu gostermistir. Ekstrelerde saponinler, terpenler, kardiyak glikozitler ve fenolik bilesiklerin varligi saptanmistir. Aktif yaprak ekstresinin fraksiyonlanmasi ile kloroform fraksiyonunda meme kanseri hucrelerine karsi sirasiyla 22,5, 68,75 ve 43,75 [micro]g/mL G[I.sub.50], L[C.sub.50] ve toplam buyume inhibisyonu (TGI) degerleriyle; akciger kanseri hucrelerine karsi sirasiyla 35,4 ve 55,8 [micro]g/mL G[I.sub.50] ve TGI degerleriyle aktivitenin arttigi tespit edilmistir. Bununla birlikte, sulu fraksiyon her iki hucre hattina karsi sitotoksik etki gostermemistir. Sonuc: Bu sonuclar, bitkinin tumorle ilgili hastaliklara karsi etnomedikal kullanimini desteklemistir. Bu kaydin desteklenmesi icin ileri calismalarda aktiviteden sorumlu bilesiklerin izole edilmesi gerekmektedir. Anahtar kelimeler: Sitotoksisite, Cnidoscolus aitifitifolius, buyume inhibisyonu, MCF-7, NCI-H460, kanser hucreleri