RESPUESTA DE CINCO LINEAS DE TOMATE grown in two irrigation variants, under field conditions

The tomato crop, for its biological benefits, is an excellent model for basic and applied research programs. In addition, due to its nutritional properties it has reached a considerably high popularity worldwide. On the other hand, the drought stress currently aggravated by global warming limits the...

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Published inCultivos tropicales Vol. 39; no. 4; p. 78
Main Authors Rodríguez, José M. Dell'Amico, Guillama, Rodolfo, González, María C
Format Journal Article
LanguageSpanish
Published Editorial Universitaria de la Republica de Cuba 01.10.2018
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Summary:The tomato crop, for its biological benefits, is an excellent model for basic and applied research programs. In addition, due to its nutritional properties it has reached a considerably high popularity worldwide. On the other hand, the drought stress currently aggravated by global warming limits the crops productivity throughout the world. Therefore, it is essential to obtain cultivars with greater water use efficiency. The work consisted to evaluating the behavior of five tomato lines under field conditions and cultivated in two irrigation variants. The seedlings were planted in blocks of 1000 [m.sup.2] each in a leached red ferralitic soil. Two soil moisture treatments (T1 and T2) were established, which were differentiated by their arrangement of the drip irrigation lines. T1 where the humidity was maintained in a range between 22% and 36% (well supplied) and T2 where the humidity was between 14 and 22% during the experiment time (stress treatment). Evaluations of Volumetric Soil Water Content (CVA) and stomatal conductance (gs) were made at 23, 30, 39, 44 and 51 DDT and the yield and its components. The results showed a differentiated effect of the treatments on soil moisture, which induced significant differences of the gs in favor of the plants cultivated in T1. The decrease of the irrigation applied to the plants of the different lines cultivated with T2, in most of the cases did not have a negative effect on the yield and their components. Key words: yield, water plant relations, soil moisture El cultivo del tomate, por sus bondades biológicas, constituye un excelente modelo para programas de investigaciones básicas y aplicadas. Además, por sus propiedades nutricionales ha alcanzado una popularidad considerablemente elevada a nivel mundial. Por otra parte, el estrés por sequía agravado actualmente por el calentamiento global, limita la productividad de los cultivos en todo el mundo. Por ello, resulta imprescindible obtener cultivares con mayor eficiencia del uso del agua. El trabajo consistió en evaluar el comportamiento de cinco líneas de tomate en condiciones de campo y cultivadas en dos variantes de riego. Las posturas se plantaron en bloques de 1000 [m.sup.2] cada uno en un suelo Ferralítico Rojo lixiviado. Se establecieron dos tratamientos de humedad (T1 y T2) del suelo, diferenciados por su disposición de las líneas de riego por goteo. El tratamiento T1 donde la humedad se mantuvo entre el 22 y 36% (bien abastecido) y T2 donde la humedad estuvo entre 14 y 22% (estrés). Se realizaron evaluaciones de contenido volumétrico del agua en el suelo (CVA) y conductancia estomática (gs) a los 23, 30, 39, 44 y 51 DDT y del rendimiento y sus componentes. Los resultados, evidenciaron un efecto diferenciado de los tratamientos en la humedad del suelo, que indujeron diferencias significativas de la gs a favor de las plantas cultivadas en T1. La disminución del riego a las plantas de las líneas cultivadas con T2, en la mayoría de los casos, no tuvo un efecto negativo en el rendimiento de las plantas y sus componentes. Palabras clave: rendimiento, relaciones planta agua, humedad del suelo
ISSN:0258-5936