Phytochemical Screening and Establishment of the Antidiabetic Potential of Aqueous Leaf Extract of the Endangered Plant Decalepis nervosa in Rats with Alloxan-induced Diabetes/Alloksan ile Induklenen Sican Diyabet Modelinde Soyu Tukenmekte Olan Decalepis nervosa Bitkisinin Sulu Yaprak Ekstraktinin Antidiyabetik Potansiyelinin Arastirilmasi ve Fitokimyasal Taramasi

• Published in: Turkish Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol. 17; no. 3; p. 319
• Main Authors: Das, Kuntal, Khan, M. Saifulla, Sounder, James, Mohan, Usha, Prasad, S. Venkatesh
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Galenos Yayinevi Tic. Ltd 01.06.2020
• Subjects: Blood glucose; Blood tests; Diabetes therapy; Endangered species; Enzymes; Glucose tolerance test; Glyburide; Herbal medicine; High performance liquid chromatography; Isoflavones; Liver; Medicinal plants; Plant conservation; Plant metabolites; Pyrimidines; India
• ISSN: 1304-530X
• DOI: 10.4274/tjps.galenos.2019.47135

Objectives: To evaluate the presence of phytochemicals in and the antidiabetic activity of aqueous extract of Decalepis nervosa (AEDN) leaf. Materials and Methods: Either sex rats were grouped into 5 classes. Alloxan monohydrate and glibenclamide were used as diabetes induction drug and standard drug, respectively. Aqueous extract of the endangered medicinal plant DN was used in two different doses. Diabetes was induced with alloxan monohydrate at 150 mg/kg b.w. The AEDN was standardized with pharmacognostic and phytochemical screening and a chemical test confirmed the presence of phytoconstituents like glycoside, alkaloid, phenols, and flavonoids. Acute toxicity was evaluated for dose selection in an antidiabetic study. Results: Glibenclamide (5 mg/kg b.w.) and AEDN (200 and 400 mg) were given to all rats with induced diabetes. The reduced blood glucose level may be correlated with the presence of plant secondary metabolites (phenolic compounds), which was identified by thin layer chromatography and confirmed by high performance liquid chromatography studies. The decreased levels of serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, and liver enzyme activity showed the dose dependency of AEDN extract. An oral glucose tolerance test was performed after administration of 200 and 400 mg of AEDN and 5 mg of glibenclamide to different groups, which showed significantly lower oral glucose load during blood sample collection. Animal body weight and dose of AEDN extract had a significant effect on the glucose level in blood (p<0.01). Conclusion: The first report on the phytochemicals and therapeutic activity of AEDN leaf showed potential antidiabetic activity by increased insulin secretion via enhanced peripheral glucose utilization mechanism. Key words: Alloxan, biochemical estimation, correlation, Decalepis nervosa, phytochemicals Amac: Decalepis nervoza (AEDN) yapraginin sulu ekstraktinda fitokimyasallarin varligini gostermek ve antidiyabetik aktivitesini degerlendirmektir. Gerec ve Yontemler: Her iki cinsiyette sican iceren 5 grup olusturuldu. Alloksan monohidrat ve glibenklamid, sirasiyla diyabet induksiyon ilaci ve standart ilac olarak kullanildi. Soyu tukenmekte olan tibbi bitki Decalepis nervoza'nin sulu ekstresi iki farkli dozda kullanilmistir. Diyabet 150 mg/kg alloksan monohidrat ile induklendi. AEDN, farmakolojik teshis ve fitokimyasal tarama ile standartlastirildi ve kimyasal test, glikozit, alkaloid, fenoller ve flavonoidler gibi fito-bilesenlerin varligini dogruladi. Antidiyabetik calismada doz secimi icin akut toksisite degerlendirildi. Bulgular: Diyabetli tum sicanlara glibenklamid (5 mg/kg) ve AEDN (200 ve 400 mg) verildi. Dusuk kan sekeri seviyesi, ince tabaka kromatografisi ile tespit edilen ve yuksek performansli sivi kromatografisi calismalari ile teyit edilen bitki sekonder metabolitlerinin (fenolik bilesikler) varligi ile iliskilendirilebilir. Serum toplam kolesterol, trigliserit ve karaciger enzim aktivitesindeki azalma, AEDN ekstresinin doz bagimli olarak etki ettigini gosterdi. 200 ve 400 mg AEDN ve 5 mg glibenklamidin farkli gruplara uygulanmasindan sonra bir oral glukoz tolerans testi yapilmistir; kan ornegi alinmasi sirasinda oral glukoz yukunun onemli olcude dusuk oldugu saptanmistir. Hayvanlarin vucut agirliginin ve AEDN ekstresi dozunun, kandaki glukoz seviyesi uzerinde onemli bir etkiye sahip (p<0,01) oldugu bulunmustur. Sonuc: AEDN yapraginin fitokimyasallari ve terapotik aktivitesini konu alan ilk calismadir. Ekstraktin, artmis periferik glukoz kullanim mekanizmas yoluyla insulin sekresyonunu arttirarak potansiyel antidiyabetik aktivite gosterdigi bulunmustur. Anahtar kelimeler: Alloksan, biyokimyasal tahmin, korelasyon, Decalepis nervoza, fitokimyasallar