Reproductive biology of endemic Solanum melissarum Bohs e atualizacao da distribuicao geografica atual, como base para a sua conservacao no Cerrado Brasileiro

The genus Solanum (family Solanaceae) includes more than 1400 species and has buzz-pollinated flowers with poricidal anthers. The present study aimed to describe the distribution, breeding system and pollination mechanism of Solanum melissarum, a species endemic to Brazil. The study of breeding syst...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inBrazilian journal of biology Vol. 77; no. 4; p. 809
Main Authors Coelho, C.P, Gomes, D.C, Guilherme, F.A.G, Souza, L.F
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Association of the Brazilian Journal of Biology 01.11.2017
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Summary:The genus Solanum (family Solanaceae) includes more than 1400 species and has buzz-pollinated flowers with poricidal anthers. The present study aimed to describe the distribution, breeding system and pollination mechanism of Solanum melissarum, a species endemic to Brazil. The study of breeding system was conducted in an urban forest fragment in Jatap GO. Distribution data were gathered from floristic surveys and digital plant databases. The floral morphology and the pollination mechanism were studied on through field observations and preserved flowers. The breeding system was determined through hand pollination treatments. The species has a distribution only in the Brazilian Atlantic forest coastal, and this study provides the first records of S. melissarum for the state of Goias. The pendulous flowers have poricidal anthers close to the stigma, with membranous thecae joined by a connective bearing osmophores that attract males of Euglossa cordata bees. As they collect fragrances, the bees press the thecae and pollen is released through a bellows mechanism. Based on the hand-pollination treatments, this species is self-incompatible. Isolated forest fragments may not include enough pollinators to ensure the pollination of plants with specialized systems. However, they are essential for the conservation of species with interesting phytogeographic patterns, such as the vicariance observed in S. melissarum, and for the conservation of regional diversity. Keywords: bellows mechanism, Euglossa cordata, osmophores, self-incompatibility, fragrance collection. O genero Solanum (famflia Solanaceae) inclui mais de 1400 especies e apresenta polinizagao vibratil e flores com anteras poricidas. O estudo tem o objetivo de descrever a distribuigao, sistema reprodutivo e o mecanismo de polinizagao de Solanum melissarum, uma especie endemica do Brasil. O estudo da biologia reprodutiva foi conduzido em um fragmento florestal urbano em Jatap GO. As informagoes de distribuigao foram obtidas atraves de trabalhos floristicos e de banco de dados digitais de plantas. A morfologia floral e o mecanismo de polinizagao foram estudados atraves de observagoes diretas em campo e em flores preservadas. O sistema reprodutivo foi determinado a partir de tratamentos de polinizagao manual. A especie apresentava distribuigao somente na Mata Atlantica litoranea brasileira, e este estudo demonstrou o primeiro registro de S. melissarum para o estado de Goias. As flores sao pendentes e com anteras poricidas proximas ao estigma, com tecas membranosas envoltas por um conectivo giboso com osmoforos que atraem machos da abelha Euglossa cordata. Na coleta de fragrancias, as abelhas pressionam as tecas e o polen e liberado por um mecanismo de fole. Baseado nos tratamentos de polinizagao manual, a especie e autoincompativel. Fragmentos florestais isolados podem nao incluir polinizadores suficientes para garantir a polinizagao das plantas com sistemas especializados, no entanto, eles sao essenciais para a conservagao de especies com padroes fitogeograficos interessantes, como o vicariancia observada em S. melissarum, e tambem para a conservagao da diversidade regional. Palavras-chave: mecanismo de fole, Euglossa cordata, osmoforos, autoincompatibilidade, coleta de fragrancias.
ISSN:1519-6984
1678-4375
DOI:10.1590/1519-6984.01516