N-Methyl-d-aspartate : presence and association with symptom profile

• Published in: Middle East Current Psychiatry Vol. 28; no. 1
• Main Authors: Elshahawi, Heba Hamed, Taha, Ghada Refaat Amin, Azzam, Hanan Mohamed Ezzeldin, El Ghamry, Reem H, Abdelgawad, Ahmed Adel Mohammad, Elshiekh, Mohammad Abdullah Ahmad Abdullah
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Springer 01.11.2021
• Subjects: Aspartate; Autism; Autoantibodies; Autoimmunity; Encephalitis; Medical research; Medicine, Experimental; Methyl aspartate; Egypt
• ISSN: 2090-5408
• DOI: 10.1186/s43045-021-00141-5

Background Several studies pointed to immune dysregulation abnormalities linked to autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Of those, several autoantibodies had been identified. Recent findings of N-methyl d-aspartate (NMDA) antibodies in autoimmune encephalitis suggested that it caused symptoms like autistic regression. Thus, the purpose of the study was to test for the presence of anti-NMDAR antibodies in the ASD disorder population and to correlate this with the clinical findings. Results Eighty-seven autistic children, 4-12 years old, were enrolled in the study and were matched with sixty typically developing children used as controls. The diagnosis of cases was confirmed by ADOS-2 and clinical evaluation. None of the control children had positive anti-NMDAR antibodies, while 26.4% (23 children) of the patients' group were positive for serum anti-NMDA receptor antibodies (> 200 pg/ml, p = 0.0157). The positive anti-NMDAR antibody was statistically correlated with better speech stage (p = 0.017), more severe stereotyped behavior (p [less than or equal to] 0.001), and abnormal EEG findings (p = 0.025). Conclusions There is a possibility of the presence of anti-NMDAR antibodies in the autism spectrum disorder population with certain characteristics, especially the severity of the stereotyped behaviors.