Phenotypic and Genotypic Characterization of Methicillin Resistance in IStaphylococci/I Isolated from an Egyptian University Hospital

• Published in: Pathogens (Basel) Vol. 12; no. 4
• Main Authors: Abdelwahab, Marwa A, Amer, Wesam H, Elsharawy, Dalia, Elkolaly, Reham M, Helal, Rehab Abd El Fattah, El Malla, Dina Ahmed, Elfeky, Yomna G, Bedair, Hebatallah A, Amer, Rania S, Abd-Elmonsef, Marwa E, Taha, Marwa S
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: MDPI AG 01.04.2023
• Subjects: Analysis; Care and treatment; Complications and side effects; Drug resistance in microorganisms; Genotype; Phenotype; Prevention; Staphylococcal infections; Egypt
• ISSN: 2076-0817; 2076-0817
• DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12040556

Methicillin-resistant in Staphylococci is a serious public health issue. It is mostly encoded by the mecA gene. The mecC gene is a new mecA analog responsible for resistance to methicillin in some Staphylococcal clinical isolates. This mecC gene is still underestimated in Egypt. The aim of the current study was to detect mecA and mecC genes in clinical Staphylococci isolates from a tertiary care university hospital in Egypt compared to the different phenotypic methods. A total of 118 Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and 43 coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CoNS) were identified from various hospital-acquired infections. Methicillin resistance was identified genotypically using the PCR technique and phenotypically using the cefoxitin disc diffusion test, oxacillin broth microdilution and the VITEK2 system in all Staphylococcal isolates. The mecA gene was detected in 82.2% of S. aureus and 95.3% of CoNS isolates, while all of the isolates tested negative for the mecC gene. Interestingly, 30.2% of CoNS isolates showed the unique character of inducible oxacillin resistance, being mecA-positive but oxacillin-susceptible (OS-CoNS). The dual use of genotypic and phenotypic methods is highly recommended to avoid missing any genetically divergent strains.