Evaluation of the Anti-IToxoplasma gondii/I Efficacy, Cytotoxicity, and GC/MS Profile of IPleopeltis crassinervata/I Active Subfractions

Pleopeltis crassinervata (Pc) is a fern that, according to ethnobotanical records, is used in Mexican traditional medicine to treat gastrointestinal ailments. Recent reports indicate that the hexane fraction (Hf) obtained from Pc methanolic frond extract affects Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoite viabilit...

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Published inAntibiotics (Basel) Vol. 12; no. 5
Main Authors Anacleto-Santos, Jhony, Calzada, Fernando, López-Camacho, Perla Yolanda, López-Pérez, Teresa de Jesús, Carrasco-Ramírez, Elba, Casarrubias-Tabarez, Brenda, Fortoul, Teresa I, Rojas-Lemus, Marcela, López-Valdés, Nelly, Rivera-Fernández, Norma
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published MDPI AG 01.05.2023
Subjects
Analysis
Pyrimethamine
Saturated fatty acids
Spiramycin
Terpenes
Mexico
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Summary:Pleopeltis crassinervata (Pc) is a fern that, according to ethnobotanical records, is used in Mexican traditional medicine to treat gastrointestinal ailments. Recent reports indicate that the hexane fraction (Hf) obtained from Pc methanolic frond extract affects Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoite viability in vitro; therefore, in the present study, the activity of different Pc hexane subfractions (Hsf) obtained by chromatographic methods was evaluated in the same biological model. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis was carried out for hexane subfraction number one (Hsf1), as it showed the highest anti-Toxoplasma activity with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC[sub.50]) of 23.6 µg/mL, a 50% cytotoxic concentration (CC[sub.50]) of 398.7 µg/mL in Vero cells, and a selective index (SI) of 16.89. Eighteen compounds were identified by Hsf1 GC/MS analysis, with the majority being fatty acids and terpenes. Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester was the most commonly found compound (18.05%) followed by olean-13(18)-ene, 2,2,4a,8a,9,12b,14a-octamethyl-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,6a,6b,7,8,8a,9,12,12a,12b,13,14,14a,14b-eicosahydropicene, and 8-octadecenoid acid, methyl ester, which were detected at 16.19%, 12.53%, and 12.99%, respectively. Based on the mechanisms of action reported for these molecules, Hsf1 could exert its anti-Toxoplasma activity mainly on T. gondii lipidomes and membranes.
ISSN:2079-6382
2079-6382
DOI:10.3390/antibiotics12050889