Incidence and Immediate and Early Complications of Severe Perineal Tears during Childbirth in a Reference Obstetric Care Institution in Medellin, Colombia/Incidencia, complicaciones inmediatas y tempranas de desgarros perineales graves durante el parto en una institución de referencia de atención obstétrica en Medellín, Colombia

Introduction: Severe perineal tears (SPT) are complications that arise during childbirth. These can result in rectal fistulas and fecal and urinary incontinence, leading to medium-to long-term morbidity that reguires proper diagnosis, management, and follow-up. Objective: To determine the incidence...

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Published inIatreia (Medellín, Colombia) Vol. 37; no. 1; p. 14
Main Authors Giraldo G., Paulina, Jimenez A., Ana Lucia, Campo C., Maria Nazareth, Echavarria R., Luis Guillermo, Arias Z., Catalina, Cuesta C., Diana Paola
Format Journal Article
LanguageSpanish
Published Universidad de Antioquia, Facultad de Medicina 01.01.2024
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Summary:Introduction: Severe perineal tears (SPT) are complications that arise during childbirth. These can result in rectal fistulas and fecal and urinary incontinence, leading to medium-to long-term morbidity that reguires proper diagnosis, management, and follow-up. Objective: To determine the incidence of SPTand related immediate complications (within the first 48 hours) and early complications (within the first three months) following delivery. Methodology: This article reports a descriptive cohort study on patients with SPT during obstetric care in a reference center in Medellin, Colombia, between 2015-2017. Medical records were reviewed, and clinical data and immediate and early complications were recorded during pelvic floor control appointments. Results: A total of 14,247 vaginal births were attended. The incidence of SPT was 1.6%, with 1.3% being of third-degree and 0.3%, of fourth-degree. Of these, 66.5% had instrument-assisted vertex delivery, 81.9% had an episiotomy; the median expulsion period was 19 minutes, and 3% had shoulder dystocia. Immediate complications in patients with SPTs included: suture dehiscence and wound infection (0.85%), dehiscence (0.85%), and wound infection (0.42%). 18.4% attended the urogynecological control in the third month. Among them, 38.2% had at least one complication, mainly fecal and flatus incontinence (16.3% and 13.9%, respectively). Conclusions: The incidence of SPT and immediate postpartum complications were infreguent. Postpartum follow-up strategies should be improved to identify and manage medium-term complications in a timely manner. Keywords Fecal Incontinence; obstetric Delivery/instrumentation; perineum/injuries; perineum/surgery. Introducción: los desgarros perineales graves (DPS) son complicaciones gue se presentan durante la atención del parto. Pueden desencadenar fístulas rectales e incontinencia fecal y urinaria, morbilidad a mediano y largo plazo gue reguiere diagnóstico, manejo y seguimiento adecuado. Objetivo: determinar la incidencia de DPS y complicaciones relacionadas inmediatas -primeras 48 horas- y tempranas -primeros tres meses- posteriores a la atención. Metodología: estudio de cohorte descriptiva de pacientes con DPS durante la atención obstétrica en un centro de referencia en Medellín, Colombia, entre 2015 y 2017. Se revisaron las historias y se registraron datos clínicos y complicaciones inmediatas y tempranas en la cita de control de piso pélvico. Resultados: se atendieron 14.247 partos vaginales. La incidencia de DPS fue del 1,6%, 1,3% de grado III y 0,3% de grado IV. El 66,5% tuvo parto vértice instrumentado, 81,9% episiotomía; la mediana del periodo expulsivo fue 19 minutos, y el 3% presentó distocia de hombros. Las complicaciones inmediatas en las pacientes con DPS fueron: 0,85% dehiscencia de sutura e infección de la herida, 0,85% solo dehiscencia y 0,42% solo infección de la herida. El 18,4% asistieron al control uroginecológico al tercer mes. Entre ellas, el 38,2% tuvo al menos una complicación, principalmente incontinencia fecal y de flatos, 16,3% y 13,9% respectivamente. Conclusiones: la incidencia de DPS y complicaciones del posparto inmediato fueron poco frecuentes. Se deben mejorar las estrategias de seguimiento posparto, con el fin de identificar y brindar un manejo oportuno de las complicaciones a mediano plazo. Palabras clave incontinencia fecal; Parto obstétrico/instrumentación; Perineo/cirugía; Perineo/lesiones
ISSN:0121-0793
DOI:10.17533/udea.iatreia.210