Incidence and Immediate and Early Complications of Severe Perineal Tears during Childbirth in a Reference Obstetric Care Institution in Medellin, Colombia/Incidencia, complicaciones inmediatas y tempranas de desgarros perineales graves durante el parto en una institución de referencia de atención obstétrica en Medellín, Colombia
Introduction: Severe perineal tears (SPT) are complications that arise during childbirth. These can result in rectal fistulas and fecal and urinary incontinence, leading to medium-to long-term morbidity that reguires proper diagnosis, management, and follow-up. Objective: To determine the incidence...
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Published in | Iatreia (Medellín, Colombia) Vol. 37; no. 1; p. 14 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | Spanish |
Published |
Universidad de Antioquia, Facultad de Medicina
01.01.2024
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Online Access | Get full text |
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Summary: | Introduction: Severe perineal tears (SPT) are complications that arise during childbirth. These can result in rectal fistulas and fecal and urinary incontinence, leading to medium-to long-term morbidity that reguires proper diagnosis, management, and follow-up. Objective: To determine the incidence of SPTand related immediate complications (within the first 48 hours) and early complications (within the first three months) following delivery. Methodology: This article reports a descriptive cohort study on patients with SPT during obstetric care in a reference center in Medellin, Colombia, between 2015-2017. Medical records were reviewed, and clinical data and immediate and early complications were recorded during pelvic floor control appointments. Results: A total of 14,247 vaginal births were attended. The incidence of SPT was 1.6%, with 1.3% being of third-degree and 0.3%, of fourth-degree. Of these, 66.5% had instrument-assisted vertex delivery, 81.9% had an episiotomy; the median expulsion period was 19 minutes, and 3% had shoulder dystocia. Immediate complications in patients with SPTs included: suture dehiscence and wound infection (0.85%), dehiscence (0.85%), and wound infection (0.42%). 18.4% attended the urogynecological control in the third month. Among them, 38.2% had at least one complication, mainly fecal and flatus incontinence (16.3% and 13.9%, respectively). Conclusions: The incidence of SPT and immediate postpartum complications were infreguent. Postpartum follow-up strategies should be improved to identify and manage medium-term complications in a timely manner. Keywords Fecal Incontinence; obstetric Delivery/instrumentation; perineum/injuries; perineum/surgery. Introducción: los desgarros perineales graves (DPS) son complicaciones gue se presentan durante la atención del parto. Pueden desencadenar fístulas rectales e incontinencia fecal y urinaria, morbilidad a mediano y largo plazo gue reguiere diagnóstico, manejo y seguimiento adecuado. Objetivo: determinar la incidencia de DPS y complicaciones relacionadas inmediatas -primeras 48 horas- y tempranas -primeros tres meses- posteriores a la atención. Metodología: estudio de cohorte descriptiva de pacientes con DPS durante la atención obstétrica en un centro de referencia en Medellín, Colombia, entre 2015 y 2017. Se revisaron las historias y se registraron datos clínicos y complicaciones inmediatas y tempranas en la cita de control de piso pélvico. Resultados: se atendieron 14.247 partos vaginales. La incidencia de DPS fue del 1,6%, 1,3% de grado III y 0,3% de grado IV. El 66,5% tuvo parto vértice instrumentado, 81,9% episiotomía; la mediana del periodo expulsivo fue 19 minutos, y el 3% presentó distocia de hombros. Las complicaciones inmediatas en las pacientes con DPS fueron: 0,85% dehiscencia de sutura e infección de la herida, 0,85% solo dehiscencia y 0,42% solo infección de la herida. El 18,4% asistieron al control uroginecológico al tercer mes. Entre ellas, el 38,2% tuvo al menos una complicación, principalmente incontinencia fecal y de flatos, 16,3% y 13,9% respectivamente. Conclusiones: la incidencia de DPS y complicaciones del posparto inmediato fueron poco frecuentes. Se deben mejorar las estrategias de seguimiento posparto, con el fin de identificar y brindar un manejo oportuno de las complicaciones a mediano plazo. Palabras clave incontinencia fecal; Parto obstétrico/instrumentación; Perineo/cirugía; Perineo/lesiones |
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ISSN: | 0121-0793 |
DOI: | 10.17533/udea.iatreia.210 |