U.S. HATE CRIME TRENDS WHAT DISAGGREGATION OF THREE DECADES OF DATA REVEALS ABOUT A CHANGING THREAT AND AN INVISIBLE RECORD

When prejudice-related data are combined and analyzed over time, critical information is uncovered about overall trends, related intermittent spikes, and less common sharp inflectional shifts in aggression. These shifts impact social cohesion and grievously harm specific sub-groups when aggression e...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inThe journal of criminal law & criminology Vol. 112; no. 4; pp. 749 - 800
Main Authors LEVIN, BRIAN, NOLAN, JAMES, PERST, KIANA
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Chicago Northwestern University 22.09.2022
Northwestern University, School of Law
Northwestern University (on behalf of School of Law)
Subjects
Aggressiveness
Aggressiveness (Psychology)
Analysis
Asian Americans
Assault and battery
Citizen crime reporting
Company business management
COVID-19
Criminal statistics
Data collection
Demographic aspects
Forecasts and trends
Government regulation
Hate crimes
Intermittent
Investigations (Law enforcement)
Laws, regulations and rules
Management
Market trend/market analysis
Offenses
Policy making
Prejudice
Prejudices
Public policy
Remedies
Social cohesion
Statistics
Statutes
Threats
Threats (Law)
Trends
Victimization
New York
Chicago Illinois
California
United States > US
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Summary:When prejudice-related data are combined and analyzed over time, critical information is uncovered about overall trends, related intermittent spikes, and less common sharp inflectional shifts in aggression. These shifts impact social cohesion and grievously harm specific sub-groups when aggression escalates and is redirected or mainstreamed. These data, so critical to public policy formation, show that we are in such a historic inflection period now. Moreover, analysis of the latest, though partial Federal Bureau of Investigation hate crime data release, when overlaid with available data from excluded large jurisdictions, reveals hate crimes hit a record high in 2021 in the United States that previously went unreported. This Essay analyzes the most recent national data as well as various numerical and policy milestones that accompanied the historic, yet incomplete, implementation of hate crime data collection and related statutes over recent decades. This analysis of emerging trends in the United States is undertaken in the context of bigoted aggression broken down over time.
ISSN:0091-4169
2160-0325